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make a death threat

  • 1 make a death threat

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > make a death threat

  • 2 make

    робити, виготовляти; вносити (зміни, доповнення у документ)

    make a false report about an offence — = make a false report about an offense робити фальшиве повідомлення про злочин ( до поліції тощо)

    make a false report about an offense — = make a false report about an offence

    make a note of smb.'s statement — = make a note of statement

    make special security arrangements — = make special security measures вживати спеціальні заходи безпеки

    - make a bill
    - make a bomb
    - make a cat's paw
    - make a charge
    - make a claim
    - make a code
    - make a compensation
    - make a complaint
    - make a complaint to the UN
    - make a concession
    - make a condition
    - make a contract
    - make a contract with a client
    - make a copy
    - make a copy of the original
    - make a crime scene sketch
    - make a deal
    - make a death threat
    - make a decisions by majority
    - make a detainee talk
    - make a diplomatic demarche
    - make a draft law
    - make a false statement
    - make a fetish
    - make a fetish of the past
    - make a final ruling
    - make a full confession
    - make a gift
    - make a good lawyer
    - make a good title
    - make a joint statement
    - make a law
    - make a loan
    - make a mistake
    - make a moral choice
    - make a motion
    - make a narrow inquiry
    - make a narrow search
    - make a new will
    - make a normative decision
    - make a note of statement
    - make a part
    - make a payoff
    - make a penalty conditional
    - make a petition
    - make a plea in mitigation
    - make a poor shot
    - make a prisoner talk
    - make a proposal
    - make a protest
    - make a provision
    - make a public statement
    - make a quick get-away
    - make a raid
    - make a recommendation
    - make a revolt
    - make a round
    - make a search
    - make a shot at smth.
    - make a statement
    - make a statement for the press
    - make a temporary appointment
    - make a treaty
    - make a voluntary statement
    - make a will
    - make accountable
    - make additions
    - make alterations
    - make amends
    - make an affidavit
    - make an agreement
    - make an amendment
    - make an appeal
    - make an arrangement
    - make an arrest
    - make an attachment
    - make an attempt on the life
    - make an award
    - make an examination
    - make an example of an offender
    - make an inquiry
    - make an investigation
    - make an official statement
    - make an order
    - make appearance
    - make one's appearance
    - make arrangement
    - make arrangements
    - make arrest
    - make away
    - make away with oneself
    - make bail
    - make bankrupt
    - make blood test
    - make calculations
    - make charge
    - make child pornography
    - make clean breast of it
    - make clear
    - make compensation
    - make confession
    - make court
    - make crime
    - make default
    - make defence
    - make defense
    - make demands
    - make difficulties
    - make diplomatic overtures
    - make diplomatic sounding
    - make disturbance
    - make disturbances
    - make easy
    - make effort
    - make enforcement distinctions
    - make entrance
    - make equal
    - make escape
    - make one's escape
    - make escape by a back door
    - make fealty
    - make formal charges
    - make good
    - make good a deficiency
    - make good a delay
    - make good a loss
    - make good an omission
    - make good escape
    - make good losses
    - make handwriting sample
    - make handwriting samples
    - make illicit profits
    - make information secret
    - make insinuations
    - make known
    - make law
    - make laws
    - make less stringent
    - make mandatory
    - make moral choice
    - make more democratic
    - make more severe
    - make nil
    - make nil
    - make nil and void
    - make null
    - make null
    - make null and void
    - make oath
    - make off
    - make out
    - make out a document
    - make out an invoice
    - make out one's case
    - make overtures
    - make payment
    - make-peace
    - make peace
    - make penal
    - make pornography
    - make protest
    - make provision
    - make provisions in the law
    - make public
    - make public election results
    - make punishment fit the crime
    - make quietus
    - make regular
    - make regulation
    - make representations
    - make reservation
    - make restitution to the victim
    - make revolt
    - make safe
    - make safety regulations
    - make satisfaction
    - make secret
    - make secure
    - make senior appointments
    - make service upon the attorney
    - make sounding
    - make special security measures
    - make stronger
    - make supplementary examination
    - make supplementary inquiry
    - make sure
    - make tax policy more flexible
    - make territorial changes
    - make the bull's-eye
    - make the house
    - make threatening phone call
    - make threatening phone calls
    - make threats
    - make up a quarrel
    - make up a report
    - make-up pay
    - make use
    - make valid
    - make war

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > make

  • 3 death

    n
    смерть, гибель

    to burn oneself to death — совершать акт самосожжения

    to burn smb to death — сжигать кого-л. заживо

    to commemorate smb's death — отмечать годовщину чьей-л. смерти

    to commute smb's death to life imprisonment — заменять кому-л. смертную казнь пожизненным тюремным заключением

    to condemn smb to death — приговаривать кого-л. к смертной казни / к высшей мере наказания

    to express one's sorrow / grief at smb's death — выражать соболезнование по поводу чьей-л. смерти

    to meet one's death — находить свою смерть / свой конец

    to put smb to death — казнить кого-л.

    to put smb to death in his / her absence — приговаривать кого-л. заочно к смертной казни

    to send smb to his / her death — посылать кого-л. на смерть

    to sentence smb to death by firing squad — приговаривать кого-л. к расстрелу

    to shoot smb to death — застрелить кого-л.

    - civil death
    - civilian deaths
    - death by hanging
    - death by misadventure
    - Death to...!
    - drug-related death
    - ignominious death
    - inquest into the death of smb
    - kiss of death
    - living death
    - natural death
    - public death
    - ready to fight to the death
    - service-incurred death
    - total number of deaths
    - violent death

    Politics english-russian dictionary > death

  • 4 threat

    Ɵret
    1) (a warning that one is going to hurt or punish someone: He will certainly carry out his threat to harm you.) amenaza
    2) (a sign of something dangerous or unpleasant which may be, or is, about to happen: a threat of rain.) amenaza
    3) (a source of danger: His presence is a threat to our plan/success.) amenaza
    •
    threat n amenaza
    tr[ɵret]
    1 amenaza
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    death threat amenaza de muerte
    empty threat amenaza vana
    nuclear threat amenaza nuclear
    threat ['ɵrɛt] n
    : amenaza f
    n.
    • amago s.m.
    • amenaza s.f.
    • reto s.m.
    θret
    noun amenaza f

    to make a threat against somebody — amenazar* a alguien

    to obtain money with threats — (AmE Law) obtener* dinero mediante intimidación or amenazas

    to be under threat — \<\<way of life\>\> verse* amenazado; \<\<factory\>\> estar* bajo amenaza de cierre

    [θret]
    N amenaza f

    to be a threat to sth/sb — ser una amenaza para algo/algn

    agricultural land is under threat from urban development — las tierras de cultivo se ven amenazadas por el crecimiento de las ciudades

    * * *
    [θret]
    noun amenaza f

    to make a threat against somebody — amenazar* a alguien

    to obtain money with threats — (AmE Law) obtener* dinero mediante intimidación or amenazas

    to be under threat — \<\<way of life\>\> verse* amenazado; \<\<factory\>\> estar* bajo amenaza de cierre

    English-spanish dictionary > threat

  • 5 threat

    noun
    Drohung, die

    make a threat against somebody — jemandem drohen

    * * *
    [Ɵret]
    1) (a warning that one is going to hurt or punish someone: He will certainly carry out his threat to harm you.) die Drohung
    2) (a sign of something dangerous or unpleasant which may be, or is, about to happen: a threat of rain.) die Gefahr
    3) (a source of danger: His presence is a threat to our plan/success.) die Bedrohung
    •
    - academic.ru/74709/threaten">threaten
    * * *
    [θret]
    n
    1. (warning) Drohung f
    she left the country under \threat of arrest if she returned als sie das Land verließ, drohte man ihr, sie bei ihrer Rückkehr zu verhaften
    there was a \threat of thunder in the heavy afternoon air an dem Nachmittag lag ein Gewitter in der Luft
    death \threat Morddrohung f, Todesdrohung f
    the \threat of jail die Androhung einer Haftstrafe
    an empty \threat eine leere Drohung
    to carry out a \threat eine Drohung wahrmachen
    2. LAW (menace) Bedrohung f
    \threat of [legal] proceedings Klagedrohung f
    3. no pl (potential danger) Gefahr f, Bedrohung f
    \threat of war Kriegsgefahr f
    to pose a \threat to sb/sth eine Gefahr [o Bedrohung] für jdn/etw darstellen
    ▪ to be under \threat of sth von etw dat bedroht sein
    they're under \threat of eviction because they can't pay the rent ihnen wurde die Zwangsräumung angedroht, weil sie ihre Miete nicht bezahlen können
    * * *
    [ɵret]
    n
    1) Drohung f

    to make a threat — drohen, eine Androhung machen (against sb jdm)

    2) (= danger) Bedrohung (
    to +gen), Gefahr f (to für)

    this war is a threat to civilization — dieser Krieg stellt eine Gefahr für die Zivilisation or eine Bedrohung der Zivilisation dar

    * * *
    threat [θret] s
    1. Drohung f (of mit; to gegen):
    under threat of unter Androhung von (od gen);
    under threat of violence unter Gewaltandrohung
    2. (to) Bedrohung f (für oder gen), Gefahr f (für):
    be under threat bedroht sein ( from von);
    there was a threat of rain es drohte zu regnen
    * * *
    noun
    Drohung, die
    * * *
    n.
    Bedrohung f.
    Drohung -en f. v.
    drohen v.

    English-german dictionary > threat

  • 6 threat

    threat [θret]
    also figurative menace f;
    ∎ to make threats against sb proférer des menaces contre qn;
    ∎ they got what they wanted by threats ils ont obtenu ce qu'ils voulaient par la menace;
    ∎ terrorist attacks are a constant threat to our security les attentats terroristes représentent une menace constante pour notre sécurité;
    ∎ he's a threat to our security il constitue une menace pour notre sécurité;
    ∎ political unrest poses a threat to peace in the area l'agitation politique menace la paix dans la région;
    ∎ he is under threat of death il est menacé de mort;
    ∎ the country lives under (the) threat of war le pays vit sous la menace de la guerre

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > threat

  • 7 threat

    threat n
    1 ( verbal abuse) menace f ; to make threats against sb lancer des menaces contre qn ; to give in to threats céder à la menace ;
    2 ( danger) menace f (to pour) ; to pose a threat to être une menace pour ; to be under threat être menacé (from par) ; under threat of sous la menace de [death, injury, punishment] ;
    3 (risk, possibility) menace f, risque m (of de) ; because of the threat of more rain à cause du risque qu'il pleuve encore plus.

    Big English-French dictionary > threat

  • 8 threat

    [θret]
    nome minaccia f.

    to make threats against sb. — fare delle minacce a qcn.

    under threat of — con la minaccia di [death, injury]

    * * *
    [Ɵret]
    1) (a warning that one is going to hurt or punish someone: He will certainly carry out his threat to harm you.) minaccia
    2) (a sign of something dangerous or unpleasant which may be, or is, about to happen: a threat of rain.) minaccia
    3) (a source of danger: His presence is a threat to our plan/success.) minaccia
    •
    * * *
    [θret]
    nome minaccia f.

    to make threats against sb. — fare delle minacce a qcn.

    under threat of — con la minaccia di [death, injury]

    English-Italian dictionary > threat

  • 9 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 10 meet

    1. transitive verb,
    1) (come face to face with or into the company of) treffen

    I have to meet my boss at 11 a.m. — ich habe um 11 Uhr einen Termin beim Chef

    arrange to meet somebody — sich mit jemandem verabreden

    2) (go to place of arrival of) treffen; (collect) abholen

    I'll meet your train — ich hole dich vom Zug ab

    meet somebody halfway — (fig.) jemandem [auf halbem Wege] entgegenkommen

    3) (make the acquaintance of) kennen lernen

    pleased to meet you — [sehr] angenehm; sehr erfreut

    4) (reach point of contact with) treffen auf (+ Akk.)

    meet the eye/somebody's eye[s] — sich den/jemandes Blicken darbieten

    meet the ear/somebody's ears — das/jemandes Ohr treffen

    there's more to it than meets the eye — da ist od. steckt mehr dahinter, als man zuerst denkt

    5) (experience) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Widerstand, Problem]; ernten [Gelächter, Drohungen]

    meet [one's] death or one's end/disaster/one's fate — den Tod finden (geh.) /von einer Katastrophe/seinem Schicksal ereilt werden (geh.)

    6) (satisfy) entsprechen (+ Dat.) [Forderung, Wunsch]; einhalten [Termin, Zeitplan]
    7) (pay) decken [Kosten, Auslagen]; bezahlen [Rechnung]
    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (come face to face) (by chance) sich (Dat.) begegnen; (by arrangement) sich treffen
    2) (assemble) [Komitee, Ausschuss usw.:] tagen
    3) (come together) [Bahnlinien, Straßen usw.:] aufeinander treffen; [Flüsse] zusammenfließen
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/89078/meet_up">meet up
    * * *
    [mi:t] 1. past tense, past participle - met; verb
    1) (to come face to face with (eg a person whom one knows), by chance: She met a man on the train.) treffen
    2) ((sometimes, especially American, with with) to come together with (a person etc), by arrangement: The committee meets every Monday.) zusammenkommen
    3) (to be introduced to (someone) for the first time: Come and meet my wife.) kennenlernen
    4) (to join: Where do the two roads meet?) sich schneiden
    5) (to be equal to or satisfy (eg a person's needs, requirements etc): Will there be sufficient stocks to meet the public demand?) gerecht werden
    6) (to come into the view, experience or presence of: A terrible sight met him / his eyes when he opened the door.) (ins Auge) fallen, treffen auf
    7) (to come to or be faced with: He met his death in a car accident.) finden, gegenübertreten
    8) ((with with) to experience or suffer; to receive a particular response: She met with an accident; The scheme met with their approval.) erleiden, stoßen auf
    9) (to answer or oppose: We will meet force with greater force.) erwidern
    2. noun
    (a gathering, especially of sportsmen: The local huntsmen are holding a meet this week.) die Jagdgesellschaft
    - meeting
    - meet someone halfway
    - meet halfway
    * * *
    [mi:t]
    I. n
    1. (sporting event) Sportveranstaltung f
    2. BRIT (fox hunt) Jagdtreffen nt (zur Fuchsjagd)
    3. COMPUT Und-/Oder-Funktion f
    II. vt
    <met, met>
    1. (by chance)
    ▪ to \meet sb jdn treffen
    I met her in the street ich bin ihr auf der Straße begegnet
    I happened to \meet him ich habe ihn zufällig getroffen
    our car met another car on the narrow road auf der engen Straße kam unserem Auto ein anderes entgegen
    to \meet sb face to face jdm persönlich begegnen
    ▪ to \meet sb sich akk mit jdm treffen
    \meet me in front of the library at five warte um fünf vor der Bibliothek auf mich
    I arranged to \meet her on Thursday ich verabredete mich mit ihr für Donnerstag
    ▪ to \meet sb jdn abholen
    I went to the airport to \meet my brother ich fuhr zum Flughafen, um meinen Bruder abzuholen
    a bus \meets every train zu jedem Zug gibt es einen Anschlussbus
    ▪ to \meet sb jdn kennenlernen
    I'd like you to \meet my best friend Betty ich möchte dir meine beste Freundin Betty vorstellen
    Frank, \meet Dorothy Frank, darf ich dir Dorothy vorstellen?
    [it's] a pleasure to \meet you sehr erfreut, Sie kennenzulernen
    I've never met anyone quite like her ich habe noch nie so jemanden wie sie getroffen
    ▪ to \meet sth auf etw akk treffen
    his eyes met hers ihre Blicke trafen sich
    I met his gaze ich hielt seinem Blick stand
    it's where Front Street \meets Queen Street es ist da, wo die Front Street auf die Queen Street stößt
    where the mountains \meet the sea wo das Meer an die Berge heranreicht
    to \meet sb's glance jds Blick erwidern
    6. (fulfil)
    ▪ to \meet sth etw erfüllen
    to \meet the cost of sth die Kosten für etw akk übernehmen
    to \meet a deadline einen Termin einhalten
    to \meet [the] demand die Nachfrage befriedigen
    to \meet sb's expenses für jds Kosten aufkommen
    to \meet an obligation einer Verpflichtung nachkommen
    ▪ to \meet sth etw dat entgegentreten
    they had to \meet the threat posed by the Austrians sie mussten auf die Bedrohung durch die Österreicher reagieren
    to \meet a challenge sich akk einer Herausforderung stellen
    to \meet objections Einwände widerlegen
    ▪ to \meet sth mit etw dat konfrontiert sein
    these are the kind of difficulties you \meet on the road to success dies sind die Schwierigkeiten, die dir auf dem Weg zum Erfolg begegnen
    the troops met stiff opposition die Truppen stießen auf starke Gegenwehr
    9. (fight)
    ▪ to \meet sb SPORT auf jdn treffen, gegen jdn antreten; MIL gegen jdn kämpfen
    to \meet an enemy in battle einem Feind in der Schlacht begegnen
    10.
    ▶ to \meet danger head on sich dat der Gefahr stellen
    ▶ to \meet one's death den Tod finden
    ▶ to go to \meet one's maker das Zeitliche segnen
    ▶ to \meet sb halfway jdm auf halbem Weg entgegenkommen
    ▶ to make ends \meet über die Runden kommen
    ▶ to \meet one's match seinen Meister finden
    ▶ there's more to this than \meets the eye es steckt mehr dahinter, als es den Anschein hat
    ▶ to \meet one's Waterloo BRIT sein Waterloo erleben
    III. vi
    <met, met>
    1. (by chance) sich dat begegnen
    we met in the street wir sind uns auf der Straße begegnet
    2. (by arrangement) sich akk treffen
    to \meet for a drink/for lunch sich akk auf einen Drink/zum Mittagessen treffen
    3. (get acquainted) sich akk kennenlernen
    no, we haven't met nein, wir kennen uns noch nicht
    I've mistrusted him from the day we met ich habe ihm vom ersten Tag [unserer Bekanntschaft] an misstraut
    4. (congregate) zusammenkommen
    Congress will \meet next week der Kongress wird nächsten Monat tagen
    the children's club \meets every Thursday afternoon der Kinderklub trifft sich jeden Donnerstagnachmittag
    the committee is \meeting to discuss the issue tomorrow der Ausschuss tritt morgen zusammen, um über die Frage zu beraten
    5. SPORT aufeinandertreffen, gegeneinander antreten
    6. (join) zusammentreffen; roads, lines zusammenlaufen; counties, states aneinandergrenzen
    the curtains don't \meet die Vorhänge gehen nicht zusammen
    their hands met under the table ihre Hände begegneten sich unter dem Tisch
    our eyes met unsere Blicke trafen sich
    their lips met in a passionate kiss ihre Lippen trafen sich zu einem leidenschaftlichen Kuss
    * * *
    I [miːt]
    adj (obs)
    geziemend (liter)

    it is meet that... — es ist billig or (ge)ziemt sich (liter, old), dass...

    II [miːt] vb: pret, ptp met
    1. vt
    1) (= encounter) person treffen, begegnen (+dat); (by arrangement) treffen, sich treffen mit; difficulty stoßen auf (+acc); (SPORT) treffen auf (+acc)

    he met his guests at the door —

    he met him in a duel — er duellierte sich mit ihm

    he met his death in 1800 —

    the last time the two teams met there was a riot — bei der letzten Begegnung zwischen beiden Teams kam es zu heftigen Auseinandersetzungen

    there's more to it than meets the eye — da steckt mehr dahinter, als man auf den ersten Blick meint

    2) (= get to know) kennenlernen; (= be introduced to) bekannt gemacht werden mit

    you don't know him? come and meet him — du kennst ihn nicht? komm, ich mache dich mit ihm bekannt

    pleased to meet you! — guten Tag/Abend, sehr angenehm! (form)

    3) (= await arrival, collect) abholen (at an +dat, von); (= connect with) train, boat etc Anschluss haben an (+acc)

    I'll meet your train —

    the car will meet the train — der Wagen wartet am Bahnhof or steht am Bahnhof bereit

    4) (= join, run into) treffen or stoßen auf (+acc); (= converge with) sich vereinigen mit; (river) münden or fließen in (+acc); (= intersect) schneiden; (= touch) berühren
    5) expectations, target, obligations, deadline erfüllen; requirement, demand, wish entsprechen (+dat), gerecht werden (+dat); deficit, expenses, needs decken; debt bezahlen, begleichen; charge, objection, criticism begegnen (+dat)
    2. vi
    1) (= encounter) (people) sich begegnen; (by arrangement) sich treffen; (society, committee etc) zusammenkommen, tagen; (SPORT) aufeinandertreffen; (in duel) sich duellieren

    keep it until we meet again — behalten Sie es, bis wir uns mal wiedersehen

    until we meet again! — bis zum nächsten Mal!

    2) (= become acquainted) sich kennenlernen; (= be introduced) bekannt gemacht werden

    haven't we met before somewhere? — sind wir uns nicht schon mal begegnet?, kennen wir uns nicht irgendwoher?

    3) (= join) sich treffen, aufeinanderstoßen; (= converge) sich vereinigen; (rivers) ineinanderfließen; (= intersect) sich schneiden; (= touch) sich berühren; (fig = come together) sich treffen
    3. n (Brit HUNT)
    Jagd(veranstaltung) f; (US) (ATHLETICS) Sportfest nt; (SWIMMING) Schwimmfest nt
    * * *
    meet [miːt]
    A v/t prät und pperf met [met]
    1. a) begegnen (dat), zusammentreffen mit, treffen (auf akk), antreffen:
    meet each other einander begegnen, sich treffen;
    well met obs schön, dass wir uns treffen!
    b) treffen, sich treffen mit
    2. jemanden kennenlernen:
    when I first met him als ich seine Bekanntschaft machte, als ich ihn kennenlernte;
    pleased to meet you umg sehr erfreut(, Sie kennenzulernen)!;
    meet Mr. Brown bes US darf ich Ihnen Herrn Brown vorstellen?
    3. jemanden abholen:
    meet sb at the station, meet sb off the train, meet sb’s train jemanden von der Bahn oder vom Bahnhof abholen;
    be met abgeholt oder empfangen werden;
    come (go) to meet sb jemandem entgegenkommen (-gehen)
    4. → halfway B 1
    5. gegenübertreten (dat) (auch fig)
    6. (feindlich) zusammentreffen oder -stoßen mit, begegnen (dat), SPORT auch antreten gegen, auf einen Gegner treffen: → fate 2
    7. fig entgegentreten (dat):
    a) einer Sache abhelfen
    b) Schwierigkeiten überwinden, ein Problem lösen, fertig werden mit, Herr werden (gen):
    meet the competition der Konkurrenz begegnen
    c) Einwände widerlegen, entgegnen auf (akk)
    8. fig (an)treffen, finden, erfahren
    9. POL sich dem Parlament vorstellen (neue Regierung)
    10. a) berühren
    b) münden in (akk) (Straße etc)
    c) stoßen oder treffen auf (akk):
    meet sb’s eye jemandem ins Auge fallen oder auffallen;
    she met his eyes ihre Blicke trafen sich;
    meet sb’s eyes jemandem in die Augen sehen;
    meet the eye auffallen;
    11. versammeln (besonders passiv):
    be met sich zusammengefunden haben, beisammen sein
    12. den Anforderungen etc entsprechen, gerecht werden (dat), übereinstimmen mit, Bedarf, Nachfrage etc decken:
    the supply meets the demand das Angebot entspricht der Nachfrage;
    be well met gut zusammenpassen;
    that won’t meet my case das löst mein Problem nicht, damit komme ich nicht weiter
    13. jemandes Wünschen entgegenkommen oder entsprechen, eine Forderung erfüllen, einen Termin einhalten, einer Verpflichtung nachkommen, Unkosten bestreiten oder decken, eine Rechnung begleichen:
    a) einer Forderung nachkommen,
    b) eine Nachfrage befriedigen;
    meet sb’s expenses jemandes Auslagen decken;
    meet a bill WIRTSCH einen Wechsel honorieren
    B v/i
    1. zusammenkommen, -treffen, -treten, sich versammeln, tagen
    2. sich begegnen, sich (auch verabredungsgemäß) treffen:
    their eyes met ihre Blicke trafen sich;
    we have met (before) wir kennen uns schon;
    have we met before? kennen wir uns?;
    meet again sich wiedersehen
    3. (feindlich) zusammenstoßen, aneinandergeraten, SPORT aufeinandertreffen, sich begegnen (Gegner)
    4. sich kennenlernen
    5. a) sich vereinigen (Straßen etc)
    b) sich berühren, in Berührung kommen (auch Interessen etc)
    6. genau zusammentreffen oder -stimmen oder -passen, sich decken:
    this skirt does not meet dieser Rock ist zu eng oder geht nicht zu; → end Bes Redew
    a) zusammentreffen mit,
    b) sich treffen mit,
    c) (an)treffen, finden, (zufällig) stoßen auf (akk),
    d) erleben, erleiden, erfahren, betroffen oder befallen werden von, erhalten, bekommen:
    meet with an accident einen Unfall erleiden oder haben, verunglücken;
    meet with (sb’s) approval (jemandes) Billigung oder Beifall finden;
    meet with a refusal auf Ablehnung stoßen;
    meet with success Erfolg haben;
    meet with a kind reception freundlich aufgenommen werden
    C s
    1. besonders US
    a) Treffen n (von Zügen etc)
    b) → meeting 6 b
    2. JAGD besonders Br
    a) Jagdtreffen n (zur Fuchsjagd)
    b) Jagdgesellschaft f
    c) Sammelplatz m
    D adj obs
    1. passend
    2. angemessen, geziemend:
    it is meet that … es schickt sich, dass …
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,

    I have to meet my boss at 11 a.m. — ich habe um 11 Uhr einen Termin beim Chef

    meet somebody halfway — (fig.) jemandem [auf halbem Wege] entgegenkommen

    pleased to meet you — [sehr] angenehm; sehr erfreut

    4) (reach point of contact with) treffen auf (+ Akk.)

    meet the eye/somebody's eye[s] — sich den/jemandes Blicken darbieten

    meet the ear/somebody's ears — das/jemandes Ohr treffen

    there's more to it than meets the eye — da ist od. steckt mehr dahinter, als man zuerst denkt

    5) (experience) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Widerstand, Problem]; ernten [Gelächter, Drohungen]

    meet [one's] death or one's end/disaster/one's fate — den Tod finden (geh.) /von einer Katastrophe/seinem Schicksal ereilt werden (geh.)

    6) (satisfy) entsprechen (+ Dat.) [Forderung, Wunsch]; einhalten [Termin, Zeitplan]
    7) (pay) decken [Kosten, Auslagen]; bezahlen [Rechnung]
    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (come face to face) (by chance) sich (Dat.) begegnen; (by arrangement) sich treffen
    2) (assemble) [Komitee, Ausschuss usw.:] tagen
    3) (come together) [Bahnlinien, Straßen usw.:] aufeinander treffen; [Flüsse] zusammenfließen
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    adj.
    begegnen adj.
    entsprechen adj. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: met)
    = begegnen (+Dat.) v.
    begegnen v.
    sich treffen v.
    sich versammeln v.
    treffen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: traf, getroffen)

    English-german dictionary > meet

  • 11 life

    [laɪf]
    n
    (pl lives [laɪvz])
    1) жизнь, существование, деятельность

    Is there any life on that planet? — На той планете есть какая-либо жизнь? /На той планете есть какие-либо живые существа?

    The average life of a dog is ten years. — Собаки в среднем живут десять лет.

    The streets are full of life. — Жизнь на улицах бьет ключом.

    The drooping plant came to life in water. — Поникшее растение в воде ожило.

    - physical life
    - low life
    - busy life
    - adult life
    - this life
    - other life
    - all one's life
    - one's own life
    - somebody else's life
    - working life
    - life force
    - life science
    - life span
    - life boat
    - life jacket
    - life scientist
    - life giving rain
    - life of the people
    - life cycle of a frog
    - life of a battery
    - life for life
    - life of pleasure
    - matter of life and death
    - happiest days of smb's life
    - original of life
    - fight struggle for one's life
    - charities of life
    - necessities of life
    - people from all sections of public life
    - speed and the noise of city life
    - threat to smb's life
    - thread of life
    - average span of life
    - books true to life
    - appointment for life
    - post for life
    - pension for life
    - love of life
    - way of life
    - end of smb's life
    - meaning of one's life
    - art of leading one's life
    - her last hours of life
    - water swarms with life
    - in after life
    - in the course of smb's life
    - at the cost
    - in the prime of life
    - for the rest of one's life
    - at my time of life
    - for dear life
    - have enough food to sustain life
    - bring smb, smth to life
    - come to life
    - go forth into the highways and by ways of life
    - have power over life and death
    - preserve life
    - be sould of the party
    - beat smb within an inch of his life
    - beg for one's life
    - cling to life
    - enjoy one's life
    - value one's life
    - fill up one's life with useful work
    - get as much fun out of life as possible
    - get the fright of one's life
    - give one's life to science
    - give new life to smb, smth
    - guide smb's life
    - have a double life
    - hold a post for life
    - lay down one's life for one's country
    - lead a dog's life
    - lead smb a dog's life
    - live a happy life
    - live an easy life
    - live a simple life
    - live one's own life
    - make a new life for oneself
    - make one's own life
    - make life easy
    - make an attempt on smb's life
    - make smb's life miserable
    - quit this life
    - risk one's life
    - run for dear life
    - run for one's life
    - save one's own life
    - sell one's life dearly
    - sentence smb to hard labour for life
    - spare smb's life
    - spend one's life in smth
    - start life as an messenger
    - take smb's life
    - take one's life
    - take one's life in one's hands
    - trust one's life to doctors
    - everything that has life
    - smb's last hours of life
    2) жизнь, образ жизни

    Sport has always been a part of university life. — Спорт всегда был частью университетской жизни.

    TV has become part of our everyday life. — Телевидение прочно вошло в наш быт.

    - private life
    - city life
    - human life
    - miserable life
    - everyday life
    - quiet life
    - American life
    - fashionable life
    - high life
    - social life
    - college life
    - fascinating life
    - married life
    - retired lie
    - life of the capital
    - life of crime
    - chose a political life
    - enter a political life
    - lead an active life
    3) реальность, действительность

    He has had a successful life. — У него была успешная карьера.

    The life of the Roman Empire was long. — Римская Империя существовала долго.

    There he stands, as large as life. — Вон он стоит собственной персоной.

    There he is as big as life. — Вот он, во всей своей красе.

    It is a larger than life version of our present society. — Это преувеличенная картина современного общества.

    - life portrait
    - life of the contract
    - realities of life
    - portrait from life
    - in real life
    - during the life of the last Labour Government
    - as big as life
    - face life
    - learn something of life
    - mould life
    - paint from life
    - paint smb, smth to the life
    - see something of life
    - see life
    - take life easy
    - take one's subjects from life
    - characters taken from life
    4) (часто в отрицательных предложениях) жизнь, энергия

    There was no life in her movements. — Она вяло двигалась.

    Will you put more life into the matter. — Займись, пожалуйста, данным вопросом с бо́льшим воодушевлением.

    - actors put no life in their performance
    - there was no life in her voice
    - there was no life in her eyes

    I have seen something of life. — я знаю настоящую жизнь.

    The portrait is my uncle to the life. — Портрет - точная копия моего дядюшки.

    Do you think I'm going to trust a person like him? Not on your life! — И ты думаешь, что я буду доверять такому человеку, как он? Ни в коем случае!

    There is life in the old dog yet. — ◊ Есть еще порох в пороховницах.

    While there is life there is hope. — ◊ Пока жив человек, жива и надежда

    - how is life?

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > life

  • 12 come

    A ◑ n sperme m.
    B excl ( reassuringly) come (now)! allons! ; come, come! (in warning, reproach) allons, allons!
    C vtr ( prét came ; pp come)
    1 ( travel) faire ; to come 100 km to see faire 100 km pour voir ;
    2 ○ GB ( act) don't come the innocent with me ne fais pas l'innocent ; to come the heavy-handed father jouer les pères autoritaires.
    D vi ( prét came ; pp come)
    1 ( arrive) [person, day, success, fame] venir ; [bus, letter, news, results, rains, winter, war] arriver ; the letter came on Monday la lettre est arrivée lundi ; your turn will come ton tour arrivera ; to come after sb ( chase) poursuivre qn ; to come by ( take) prendre [bus, taxi, plane] ; I came on foot/by bike je suis venu à pied/à bicyclette ; to come down descendre [stairs, street] ; to come up monter [stairs, street] ; to come down from Scotland/from Alaska venir d'Écosse/de l'Alaska ; to come from venir de [airport, hospital] ; to come into entrer dans [house, room] ; the train came into the station le train est entré en gare ; to come past [car, person] passer ; to come through [person] passer par [town centre, tunnel] ; [water, object] traverser [window etc] ; to come to venir à [school, telephone] ; to come to the door venir ouvrir ; to come to the surface remonter à la surface ; to come to the company as entrer dans l'entreprise comme [apprentice, consultant] ; to come to do venir faire ; to come running arriver en courant ; to come limping down the street descendre la rue en boitant ; to come crashing to the ground [structure] s'écraser au sol ; to come streaming through the window [light] entrer à flots par la fenêtre ; lunch is ready, come and get it! le déjeuner est prêt, à table! ; when the time comes lorsque le moment sera venu ; the time has come to do le moment est venu de faire ; I'm coming! j'arrive! ; come to mummy viens voir maman ; to come and go aller et venir ; you can come and go as you please tu es libre de tes mouvements ; fashions come and go les modes vont et viennent ; come next week/year la semaine/l'année prochaine ; come Christmas/Summer à Noël/en été ; there may come a time ou day when you regret it tu pourrais le regretter un jour ; for some time to come encore quelque temps ; there's still the meal/speech to come il y a encore le repas/discours ;
    2 ( approach) s'approcher ; to come and see/help sb venir voir/aider qn ; to come to sb for venir demander [qch] à qn [money, advice] ; I could see it coming ( of accident) je le voyais venir ; don't come any closer ne vous approchez pas (plus) ; he came to the job with preconceived ideas quand il a commencé ce travail il avait des idées préconçues ; to come close ou near to doing faillir faire ;
    3 (call, visit) [dustman, postman] passer ; [cleaner] venir ; I've come to do je viens faire ; I've come about je viens au sujet de ; I've come for je viens chercher ; my brother is coming for me at 10 am mon frère passe me prendre à 10 heures ; they're coming for the weekend ils viennent pour le week-end ; I've got six people coming to dinner j'ai six personnes à dîner ; my sister is coming to stay with us ma sœur vient passer quelques jours chez nous ;
    4 ( attend) venir ; I can't ou won't be able to come je ne pourrai pas venir ; come as you are venez comme vous êtes ; to come to venir à [meeting, party, wedding] ; to come with sb venir avec qn, accompagner qn ; do you want to come fishing? est-ce que tu veux venir à la pêche? ;
    5 ( reach) to come to, to come up/down to [water] venir jusqu'à ; [dress, carpet, curtain] arriver à ; I've just come to the chapter where… j'en suis juste au chapitre où… ;
    6 ( happen) how did you come to do? comment as-tu fait pour faire? ; that's what comes of doing/not doing voilà ce qui arrive quand on fait/ne fait pas ; how come? comment ça se fait? ; how come you lost? comment ça se fait que tu aies perdu? ; come what may advienne que pourra ; to take things as they come prendre les choses comme elles viennent ; when you come to think of it à la réflexion ; come to think of it, you're right en fait, tu as raison ;
    7 ( begin) to come to believe/hate/understand finir par croire/détester/comprendre ;
    8 ( originate) to come from [person] être originaire de, venir de [city, country etc] ; [word, song, legend] venir de [country, language] ; [substance, food] provenir de [raw material] ; [coins, stamps] provenir de [place, collection] ; [smell, sound] venir de [place] ; to come from France [fruit, painting] provenir de France ; [person] être français/-e ; to come from a long line of artists être issu d'une longue lignée d'artistes ;
    9 ( be available) to come in exister en [sizes, colours] ; to come with a radio/sunroof être livré avec radio/toit ouvrant ; to come with chips être servi avec des frites ; to come with matching napkins être vendu avec les serviettes assorties ; calculators don't come smaller/cheaper than this il n'existe pas de calculatrice plus petite/moins chère que celle-là ;
    10 ( tackle) to come to aborder [problem, subject] ; I'll come to that in a moment je reviendrai sur ce point dans un moment ; to come to sth ou to doing sth late in life se mettre à faire qch sur le tard ;
    11 ( develop) it comes with practice/experience cela s'apprend avec la pratique/l'expérience ; wisdom comes with age la sagesse vient en vieillissant ;
    12 ( be situated) venir ; to come after suivre, venir après ; to come before (in time, list, queue) précéder ; ( in importance) passer avant ; to come within faire partie de [terms] ; to come first/last [athlete, horse] arriver premier/dernier ; where did you come? tu es arrivé combien ○ ?, tu es arrivé à quelle place? ; my family comes first ma famille passe avant tout ; nothing can come between us rien ne peut nous séparer ; don't let this come between us on ne va pas se fâcher pour ça ; to try to come between two people essayer de s'interposer entre deux personnes ; nothing comes between me and my football! pour moi le foot c'est sacré! ;
    13 ( be due) the house comes to me when they die la maison me reviendra quand ils mourront ; death/old age comes to us all tout le monde meurt/vieillit ; he had it coming (to him) ○ ça lui pendait au nez ; they got what was coming to them ○ ils ont fini par avoir ce qu'ils méritaient ;
    14 ( be a question of) when it comes to sth/to doing lorsqu'il s'agit de qch/de faire ;
    15 ○ ( have orgasm) jouir.
    come again ○ ? pardon? ; I don't know if I'm coming or going je ne sais plus où j'en suis ; ‘how do you like your tea?’-‘as it comes’ ‘tu le prends comment ton thé?’-‘ça m'est égal’ ; he's as stupid/honest as they come il n'y a pas plus stupide/honnête que lui ; come to that ou if it comes to that, you may be right en fait, tu as peut-être raison ; to come as a shock/a surprise être un choc/une surprise.
    1 ( happen) [problems, reforms] survenir ; [situation, change] se produire ; the discovery came about by accident on a fait la découverte par hasard ;
    2 Naut virer de bord.
    ▶ come across ( be conveyed) [meaning, message] passer ; [feelings] transparaître ; the message of the film comes across clearly le message du film est clair ; his love of animals comes across strongly on sent bien qu'il adore les animaux ; she comes across well on TV elle passe bien à la télé ; come across as donner l'impression d'être [liar, expert] ; paraître [enthusiastic, honest] ;
    ▶ come across [sth] tomber sur [article, reference, example] ; découvrir [qch] par hasard [village] ; we rarely come across cases of nous avons rarement affaire à des cas de ;
    ▶ come across [sb] rencontrer [person] ; one of the nicest people I've ever come across une des personnes les plus sympathiques que j'aie jamais rencontrées.
    1 ( arrive) [bus, person] arriver ; [opportunity] se présenter ; to wait for the right person to come along attendre que la personne idéale se présente ;
    2 ( hurry up) come along! dépêche-toi! ;
    3 ( attend) venir ; why don't you come along? tu veux venir? ; to come along to venir à [lecture, party] ; to come along with sb venir avec qn, accompagner qn ;
    4 ( make progress) [pupil, trainee] faire des progrès ; [book, building work, project] avancer ; [painting, tennis] progresser ; [plant, seedling] pousser ; your Spanish is coming along votre espagnol a progressé ; how's the thesis coming along? est-ce que ta thèse avance?
    1 ( accidentally) [book, parcel, box] se déchirer ; [shoes] craquer ; [toy, camera] se casser ; the toy just came apart in my hands le jouet m'est resté dans les mains ;
    2 ( intentionally) [sections, components] se séparer ; [machine, equipment] se démonter.
    ■ come at:
    ▶ come at [sb]
    1 ( attack) [person] attaquer (with avec) ; [bull, rhino] foncer sur ;
    2 fig there were criticisms/questions coming at me from all sides j'étais assailli de critiques/questions.
    1 ( leave) lit partir ; to come away from quitter [cinema, match, show] ; sortir de [interview, meeting] ; fig to come away from the match/from the meeting disappointed/satisfied sortir déçu/satisfait du stade/de la réunion ; to come away with the feeling that rester sur l'impression que ;
    2 ( move away) s'éloigner ; come away! ( said by parent) pousse-toi de là! ; ( said by official) circulez! ; come away from the edge éloigne-toi du bord ;
    3 ( become detached) [handle, plaster, cover] se détacher (from de).
    1 ( return) gen [letter, person, memories, feeling, good weather] revenir (from de ; to à) ; ( to one's house) rentrer ; to come running back revenir en courant ; the memories came flooding back les souvenirs me sont revenus d'un seul coup ; to come back to revenir à [topic, problem] ; retourner auprès de [spouse, lover] ; to come back with sb raccompagner qn ; to come back with ( return) revenir avec [present, idea, flu] ; ( reply) répondre par [offer, suggestion] ; can I come back to you on that tomorrow? est-ce que nous pourrions en reparler demain? ; it's all coming back to me now tout me revient maintenant ; the name will come back to me le nom me reviendra ; to come back to what you were saying pour en revenir à ce que tu disais ;
    2 ( become popular) [law, system] être rétabli ; [trend, method, hairstyle] revenir à la mode ; to come back into fashion revenir à la mode.
    ■ come by:
    ▶ come by [person] passer ; you must come by and see us passez donc nous voir ;
    ▶ come by [sth] trouver [book, job, money].
    1 ( move lower) [person] descendre (from de) ; [lift, barrier, blind] descendre ; [curtain] tomber ; to come down by parachute descendre en parachute ; to come down in the lift prendre l'ascenseur pour descendre ; he's really come down in the world fig il est vraiment tombé bas ; his trousers barely came down to his ankles son pantalon lui arrivait à peine aux chevilles ;
    2 ( drop) [price, inflation, unemployment, temperature] baisser (from de ; to à) ; [cost] diminuer ; cars are coming down in price le prix des voitures baisse ;
    3 Meteorol [snow, rain] tomber ; the fog came down overnight le brouillard est apparu pendant la nuit ;
    4 ( land) [helicopter] se poser ; [aircraft] atterrir ;
    5 ( crash) [plane] s'écraser ;
    6 ( fall) [ceiling, wall] s'écrouler ; [curtain rail] tomber ; [hem] se défaire ;
    7 fig ( be resumed by) se ramener à [question, problem, fact] ; it all really comes down to the fact that ça se ramène au fait que.
    1 ( step forward) s'avancer ;
    2 ( volunteer) se présenter (to do pour faire) ; to come forward with présenter [proof, proposal] ; offrir [help, money, suggestions] ; to ask witnesses to come forward lancer un appel à témoins.
    ■ come in
    1 ( enter) [person, rain] entrer (through par) ;
    2 ( return) rentrer (from de) ; she comes in from work at five elle rentre du travail à cinq heures ;
    3 ( come inland) [tide] monter ; a wind coming in from the sea un vent soufflant de la mer ;
    4 ( arrive) [plane, train, bill, complaint, delivery, letter] arriver ; which horse came in first? quel cheval est arrivé premier? ; we've got £2,000 a month coming in nous avons une rentrée de 2 000 livres sterling par mois ;
    5 ( become current) [trend, invention, style] faire son apparition ; [habit, practice] commencer à se répandre ;
    6 ( interject) intervenir ; to come in with an opinion exprimer son opinion ;
    7 Radio, Telecom ( in radio transmission) come in, Delta Bravo! c'est à vous, Delta Bravo! ;
    8 ( participate) to come in with sb s'associer à qn ; to come in on the deal participer à l'affaire ;
    9 ( serve a particular purpose) where do I come in? à quel moment est-ce que j'interviens? ; where does the extra money come in? à quel moment est-ce qu'on introduira l'argent en plus? ; to come in useful ou handy [box, compass, string etc] être utile, servir ; [skill, qualification] être utile ;
    10 ( receive) to come in for criticism [person] être critiqué ; [plan] faire l'objet de nombreuses critiques ; to come in for praise recevoir des éloges.
    ■ come into:
    ▶ come into [sth]
    1 ( inherit) hériter de [money] ; entrer en possession de [inheritance] ;
    2 ( be relevant) to come into it [age, experience] entrer en ligne de compte, jouer ; luck/skill doesn't come into it ce n'est pas une question de hasard/d'habileté.
    ■ come off:
    1 ( become detached) ( accidentally) [button, label, handle] se détacher ; [lid] s'enlever ; [paint] s'écailler ; [wallpaper] se décoller ; ( intentionally) [handle, panel, lid] s'enlever ; the knob came off in my hand la poignée m'est restée dans la main ; the lid won't come off je n'arrive pas à enlever le couvercle ;
    2 ( fall) [rider] tomber ;
    3 (wash, rub off) [ink] s'effacer ; [stain] partir ; the mark won't come off la tache ne part pas ;
    4 ( take place) [deal] se réaliser ; [merger, trip] avoir lieu ;
    5 ( succeed) [plan, trick, project] réussir ; [parody] être réussi ;
    6 Theat, TV ( be taken off) [play] être retiré de l'affiche ; [TV show] être déprogrammé ;
    7 ( fare) she came off well ( in deal) elle s'en est très bien tirée ; who came off worst? ( in fight) lequel des deux a été le plus touché? ;
    ▶ come off [sth]
    1 ( stop using) arrêter [pill, tablet, heroin] ;
    2 ( fall off) tomber de [bicycle, horse] ;
    3 ( get off) descendre de [wall] ; come off the lawn! sors de la pelouse!
    ■ come on
    1 ( follow) I'll come on later je vous rejoindrai plus tard ;
    2 ( exhortation) ( encouraging) come on, try it! allez, essaie! ; come on, follow me! allez, suivez-moi! ; ( impatient) come on, hurry up! allez, dépêche-toi! ; ( wearily) come on, somebody must know the answer! enfin, il y a sûrement quelqu'un qui connaît la réponse! ; come on, you don't expect me to believe that! non mais franchement, tu ne t'attends pas à ce que je croie ça! ;
    3 ( make progress) [person, player, patient] faire des progrès ; [bridge, road, novel] avancer ; [plant] pousser ; how are the recruits coming on? est-ce que les recrues font des progrès? ; her tennis is coming on well elle fait des progrès en tennis ;
    4 ( begin) [asthma, attack, headache] commencer ; [winter] arriver ; [programme, film] commencer ; [rain] se mettre à tomber ; it came on to snow il s'est mis à neiger ;
    5 ( start to work) [light] s'allumer ; [heating, fan] se mettre en route ; the power came on again at 11 le courant est revenu à 11 heures ;
    6 Theat [actor] entrer en scène.
    1 ( emerge) [person, animal, vehicle] sortir (of de) ; [star] apparaître ; [sun, moon] se montrer ; [flowers, bulbs] sortir de terre ; [spot, rash] apparaître ; come out with your hands up! sortez les mains en l'air ; when does he come out? (of prison, hospital) quand est-ce qu'il sort? ; he came out of it rather well fig il ne s'en est pas mal tiré ;
    2 ( originate) to come out of [person] être originaire de ; [song] venir de ; [news report] provenir de ; the money will have to come out of your savings il faudra prendre l'argent sur tes économies ;
    3 ( result) to come out of [breakthrough] sortir de ; something good came out of the disaster il est sorti quelque chose de bon du désastre ;
    4 ( strike) faire la grève ; to come out on strike faire la grève ;
    5 [homosexual] déclarer publiquement son homosexualité ;
    6 ( fall out) [contact lens, tooth, key, screw, nail] tomber ; [electrical plug] se débrancher ; [sink plug] sortir ; [contents, stuffing] sortir ; [cork] s'enlever ; his hair is coming out il commence à perdre ses cheveux ;
    7 ( be emitted) [water, air, smoke] sortir (through par) ; the water comes out of this hole l'eau sort par ce trou ;
    8 ( wash out) [stain, ink, grease] s'en aller, partir (of de) ; it won't come out ça ne part pas ;
    9 ( be deleted) [reference, sentence] être éliminé ;
    10 (be published, issued) [magazine, novel] paraître ; [album, film, model, product] sortir ;
    11 ( become known) [feelings] se manifester ; [message, meaning] ressortir ; [details, facts, full story] être révélé ; [results] être connu ; [secret] être divulgué ; it came out that on a appris que ; if it ever comes out that it was my fault si on découvre un jour que c'était de ma faute ; the truth is bound to come out la vérité finira forcément par se savoir ; so that's what you think-it's all coming out now! c'est ça que tu penses-tu finis par l'avouer! ;
    12 Phot, Print [photo, photocopy] être réussi ; the photos didn't come out (well) les photos ne sont pas réussies ; red ink won't come out on the photocopy l'encre rouge ne donnera rien sur la photocopie ;
    13 ( end up) to come out at 200 dollars [cost, bill] s'élever à 200 dollars ; the jumper came out too big le pull était trop grand ; the total always comes out the same le total est toujours le même ;
    14 ( say) to come out with sortir [excuse] ; raconter [nonsense, rubbish] ; I knew what I wanted to say but it came out wrong je savais ce que je voulais dire mais je me suis mal exprimé ; whatever will she come out with next? qu'est-ce qu'elle va encore nous sortir ○ ? ; to come straight out with it le dire franchement ;
    15 ( enter society) faire ses débuts dans le monde.
    ■ come over:
    1 ( drop in) venir ; come over for a drink venez prendre un verre ; to come over to do venir faire ;
    2 ( travel) venir ; they came over on the ferry ils sont venus en ferry ; she's coming over on the 10 am flight elle arrive par l'avion de 10 heures ; she often comes over to France elle vient souvent en France ; their ancestors came over with the Normans leurs ancêtres sont venus ici au temps des Normands ;
    3 ( convey impression) [message, meaning] passer ; [feelings, love] transparaître ; to make one's feelings come over exprimer ses sentiments ; to come over very well [person] donner une très bonne impression ; to come over as donner l'impression d'être [lazy, honest] ;
    4 ○ ( suddenly become) to come over all embarrassed se sentir gêné tout à coup ; to come over all shivery se sentir fiévreux/-euse tout à coup ; to come over all faint être pris de vertige tout d'un coup ;
    ▶ come over [sb] [feeling] envahir ; what's come over you? qu'est-ce qui te prend? ; I don't know what came over me je ne sais pas ce qui m'a pris.
    ■ come round GB, come around US
    1 ( regain consciousness) reprendre connaissance ;
    2 ( make a detour) faire un détour (by par) ;
    3 ( circulate) [steward, waitress] passer ;
    4 ( visit) venir ; to come round and do venir faire ; to come round for dinner/drinks venir dîner/prendre un verre ;
    5 ( occur) [event] avoir lieu ; the elections are coming round again les élections auront bientôt lieu ; by the time Christmas comes round à Noël ;
    6 ( change one's mind) changer d'avis ; to come round to an idea/to my way of thinking se faire à une idée/à ma façon de voir les choses ;
    7 Naut [boat] venir au vent.
    1 ( survive) s'en tirer ;
    2 ( penetrate) [heat, ink] traverser ; [light] passer ;
    3 ( arrive) the fax/the call came through at midday nous avons reçu le fax/l'appel à midi ; my posting has just come through je viens de recevoir ma mutation ; she's still waiting for her visa/her results to come through elle n'a toujours pas reçu son visa/ses résultats ;
    4 ( emerge) [personality, qualities] apparaître ;
    ▶ come through [sth]
    1 ( survive) se tirer de [crisis] ; se sortir de [recession] ; survivre à [operation, ordeal, war] ;
    2 ( penetrate) [ink, dye] traverser [paper, cloth] ; [light] passer au travers de [curtains].
    ■ come to:
    ▶ come to ( regain consciousness) ( from faint) reprendre connaissance ; ( from trance) se réveiller ;
    ▶ come to [sth]
    1 ( total) [shopping] revenir à ; [bill, expenditure, total] s'élever à ; both columns should come to the same figure les deux colonnes devraient donner le même total ; that comes to £40 cela fait 40 livres sterling ;
    2 ( result in) aboutir à ; if it comes to a fight si on en vient à se battre ; all her plans came to nothing aucun de ses projets ne s'est réalisé ; did the plans come to anything? est-ce que les projets ont abouti? ; all our efforts came to nothing tous nos efforts ont été vains ; I never thought it would come to this je n'aurais jamais imaginé que les choses en arriveraient là ; it may not come to that ce ne sera peut-être pas nécessaire.
    ▶ come under [sth]
    1 ( be subjected to) to come under scrutiny faire l'objet d'un examen minutieux ; to come under suspicion être soupçonné ; to come under threat être menacé ; we're coming under pressure to do on fait pression sur nous pour faire ;
    2 ( be classified under) (in library, shop) être classé dans le rayon [reference, history] ; Dali comes under Surrealism Dali fait partie des surréalistes.
    ■ come up:
    ▶ come up
    1 ( arise) [problem, issue, matter] être soulevé ; [name] être mentionné ; to come up in conversation [subject] être abordé dans la conversation ; this type of question may come up c'est le genre de question qui pourrait être posée ;
    2 (be due, eligible) to come up for re-election se représenter aux élections ; my salary comes up for review in April mon salaire sera révisé en avril ; the car is coming up for its annual service la voiture va avoir sa révision annuelle ;
    3 ( occur) [opportunity] se présenter ; something urgent has come up j'ai quelque chose d'urgent à faire ; a vacancy has come up une place s'est libérée ;
    4 ( rise) [sun, moon] sortir ; [tide] monter ; [bulb, seeds] germer ; [daffodils, beans] sortir ;
    5 Jur [case, hearing] passer au tribunal ; to come up before [case] passer devant ; [person] comparaître devant.
    ▶ come up against [sth] se heurter à [problem, prejudice, opposition].
    ▶ come up with [sth] trouver [answer, idea, money].
    ■ come upon:
    ▶ come upon [sth] tomber sur [book, reference] ; trouver [idea] ;
    ▶ come upon [sb] rencontrer, tomber ○ sur [friend].

    Big English-French dictionary > come

  • 13 meet

    mi:t
    1. гл.;
    прош. вр. и прич. прош. вр. - met
    1) а) встречать meet up Syn: contact, encounter, see Ant: avoid б) встречаться, видеться, собираться
    2) собираться, съезжаться( на какую-л. встречу, собрание, конференцию и т.д.) The Parliament will certainly meet next Monday. ≈ В следующий понедельник обязательно состоится заседание парламента.
    3) а) соприкасаться, входить в контакт( о предметах) to make two ends meet ≈ сводить концы с концами б) встречаться (о взглядах)
    4) впадать( о реке)
    5) а) сойтись в схватке (с кем-л.) ;
    драться на дуэли I suppose I should be forced to meet him. ≈ Полагаю, я буду вынужден драться с ним на дуэли. б) перен. противостоять, бороться (против чего-л.) It is vain to argue against assertions like these which can only be met by an equally positive denial of them. ≈ Бесполезно спорить об утверждениях, которым они могут противопоставить только абсолютное их неприятие.
    6) а) редк. столкнуться( с чем-л.), встретить( что-л.) This generous appeal met no response. ≈ Этот благородный порыв не нашел( не встретил) никакого отклика. б) подвергнуться( чему-л.), пережить( что-л.) Syn: undergo
    7) знакомиться
    8) а) удовлетворять, соответствовать( желаниям, требованиям) to meet the requirements ≈ отвечать требованиям Syn: satisfy б) подходить, гармонировать He met her on so few points. ≈ Он подходил ей по очень немногим параметрам. I will do my best to meet you in the matter. ≈ Я сделаю все возможное, чтобы понять тебя в этом вопросе.
    9) оплачивать to meet the expenses ≈ оплатить расходы ∙ meet together meet with well met! уст. ≈ добро пожаловать!;
    рад нашей встрече! meet one's ear meet the eye
    2. сущ.
    1) а) место сбора охотников б) (в более широком значении) место встречи спортсменов
    2) амер.;
    спорт встреча, соревнование to hold, organize a meet ≈ организовывать соревнование dual meet ≈ поединок swim, swimming meet ≈соревнования по плаванию track, track-and-field meet ≈ соревнования по легкой атлетике
    3) разг. а) свидание He has finally arranged a personal meet with Judy. ≈ Наконец-то он назначил личную встречу с Джуди. б) встреча с распространителем наркотиков
    4) а) геом. точка, линия (или) поверхность пересечения б) мат. пересечение (нескольких) множеств сбор (охотников, велосипедистов и т. п.) (американизм) спортивная встреча, соревнование - athlethic * легкоатлетические соревнования - indoor * соревнования в закрытом помещении (математика) пересечение (напр. множеств) (устаревшее) подобающий, подходящий встречать - to * smb. in the street встретить кого-л. на улице - fancy *ing you! ну и встреча! встречаться, видеться - we seldom * мы редко встречаемся - we have met before мы уже встречались - I hope we shall * again я надеюсь, мы снова увидимся - I hope to * you soon я надеюсь вскоре с вами встретиться /повидаться/ - (goodbye) untill /till/ we * again до новой /следующей встречи/ - let's * for dinner давайте пообедаем вместе - she is too young to be *ing young man ей еще рано встречаться с молодыми людьми - she still *s him она продолжает встречаться /видеться/ с ним - to * one's death( образное) найти свою смерть, умереть собираться, встречаться - to * in consultation собираться на консультацию - to * together собираться, сходиться - when will Parliament *? когда соберется парламент? - they will debate it when Parliament *s они обсудят это когда соберется парламент - the whole school met to hear his speech послушать его выступление собралась /пришла/ вся школа сходиться, соприкасаться - to make two things * заставить два предмета соприкоснуться - my waistcoat won't * мой жилет не сходится - their hands met их руки встретились - her hand met his face in a resounding slap она дала ему звонкую пощечину - many virtues met in him в нем соединились многие достоинства встречаться (о взглядах) - our eyes met наши взгляды встретились, мы посмотрели друг на друга, мы обменялись взглядами пересекаться - here the road *s the railway здесь дорога пересекает железнодорожную линию, здесь дорога пересекается с железнодорожной линией впадать (о реке) - where the Kama *s Volga при впадении Камы в Волгу, там, где Кама впадает в Волгу знакомиться - we met in Paris мы познакомились в Париже - I want you to * Mr. Smith я хочу познакомить вас с мистером Смитом - * Mr. Smith познакомьтесь с мистером Смитом - come and * some interesting people приходите, и я познакомлю вас с кое-какими интересными людьми - pleased to * you рад с вами познакомиться (чаще with) испытать( что-л.), подвергнуться (чему-л.) ;
    пережить (что-л.) - to * danger courageously мужественно встретить опасность - to * (with) difficulties испытать затруднения - to * with many misfortunes испытать много горя - to * with an accident потерпеть аварию /крушение/, попасть в аварию /катастрофу/ - he met with an accident с ним произошел несчастный случай - to * with a fall упасть - to * with losses понести убытки /потери/ - to * with a squall попасть в шквал, выдержать шквал - they were met by a hail of bullets они были встречены шквальным огнем - his charges were met with cries of anger его обвинения были встречены возгласами возмущения (обыкн. with) натолкнуться( на что-л.), столкнуться (с чем-л.) - to * with resistance встретить сопротивление - we met with obstacles мы натолкнулись на препятствия - to * with /by/ a refusal встретить отказ - the request was met by a sharp refusal просьба натолкнулась на резкий отказ - to * with. smb.'s approval встретить чье-л. одобрение - it is to be met (with) everywhere с этим сталкиваешься повсюду - I am ready to * your challenge я готов принять ваш вызов обнаружить, увидеть( что-л. при чтении и т. п.) - to * a phrase in a book встретить в книге выражение /фразу/ удовлетворять, отвечать, соответствовать ( желаниям, требованиям и т. п.) - to * a requirement удовлетворять требованию /условию/ - it does not * my requirements это не удовлетворяет /не отвечает/ моим требованиям - this book certainly *s our need эта книга несомненно удовлетворит наши потребности - he is unable to * the challenge of new historiography он не справляется с задачами по современной историографии - to * the case отвечать требованиям, соответствовать - to * the situation действовать в соответствии с обстановкой;
    поступать согласно обстоятельствам /в зависимости от обстоятельств/ - to * a threat принимать соответствующие меры при возникновении угрозы - that does not * our difficulties это не разрешает наших затруднений удовлетворять, исполнять( желания, требования) - to * smb.'s wants удовлетворять чьи-либо потребности - this book *s the public demand издание этой книги отвечает требованиям или потребностям общества - your desires have been met ваши желания удовлетворены /исполнены/ оплачивать - to * a bill оплатить счет - he has many expenses to * он несет большие расходы - this will barely * my expenses вряд ли это покроет мои расходы опровергать (доводы и т. п.) - to * objections опровергать возражения драться (на дуэли) - he would not * A. он не хочет драться на дуэли с А. сражаться, воевать( со злом, с пороками и т. п.) (морское) одерживать( рулем;
    тж. to * the helm) - * her! одерживай! (команда рулевому) (устаревшее) соглашаться > to * the eye привлекать взгляд /внимание/ > there is more in it than *s the eye здесь не все ясно > to * smb.'s eye попасться кому-л. на глаза;
    встретиться с кем-л. взглядом;
    поймать чей-то взгляд > what a sight met my eyes! какое зрелище предстало предо мною! > I dared not * his eye я боялся встретиться с ним взглядом > to * the ear быть слышным;
    привлечь внимание > to * smb's ear дойти до чьего-л. слуха > to * smb. half-way пойти навстречу кому-л.;
    идти на компромисс с кем-л. /на уступки кому-л./ > to * trouble half-way терзаться преждевременными сомнениями /опасениями/, заранее беспокоиться по поводу ожидаемых неприятностей > to * one's Waterloo быть разгромленным, понести окончательное поражение > extremes * (пословица) крайности /противоположности/ сходятся > well met! (устаревшее) добро пожаловать!;
    рад встрече! > make (both /two/) ends * сводить концы с концами ~ оплачивать;
    to meet a bill оплатить счет;
    (или вексель) ;
    he has many expenses to meet он несет большие расходы meet впадать (о реке) ~ встречать, встречаться, собираться ~ (met) встречать ~ встречать ~ встречаться, собираться;
    we seldom meet мы редко видимся ~ встречаться ~ драться на дуэли ~ знакомиться;
    please meet Mr. X позвольте познакомить вас с мистером Х ~ знакомиться ~ место сбора (охотников, велосипедистов и т. п.) ~ оплачивать;
    to meet a bill оплатить счет;
    (или вексель) ;
    he has many expenses to meet он несет большие расходы ~ оплачивать ~ опровергать (возражение) ;
    meet together собираться, сходиться ~ опровергать (возражение) ~ опровергать доводы ~ пересекаться ~ покрывать ~ собираться ~ соответствовать требованиям ~ амер. спорт. соревнование, встреча ~ сходиться;
    my waistcoat won't meet мой жилет не сходится ~ удовлетворять, соответствовать (желаниям, требованиям) ~ удовлетворять ~ оплачивать;
    to meet a bill оплатить счет;
    (или вексель) ;
    he has many expenses to meet он несет большие расходы to ~ the eye привлекать внимание;
    to meet a difficulty( trouble) halfway терзаться преждевременными сомнениями (опасениями и т. п.) по поводу ожидаемых трудностей (несчастья) ~ with найти;
    to meet one's ear дойти до слуха;
    быть слышным to ~ the case отвечать предъявленным требованиям, соответствовать;
    that meets my problem это разрешает мои затруднения to ~ the eye привлекать внимание;
    to meet a difficulty (trouble) halfway терзаться преждевременными сомнениями (опасениями и т. п.) по поводу ожидаемых трудностей (несчастья) ~ опровергать (возражение) ;
    meet together собираться, сходиться ~ with встретиться с;
    наткнуться на ~ with испытать, подвергнуться ~ with найти;
    to meet one's ear дойти до слуха;
    быть слышным ~ сходиться;
    my waistcoat won't meet мой жилет не сходится ~ знакомиться;
    please meet Mr. X позвольте познакомить вас с мистером Х to ~ the case отвечать предъявленным требованиям, соответствовать;
    that meets my problem это разрешает мои затруднения ~ встречаться, собираться;
    we seldom meet мы редко видимся well met! уст. добро пожаловать!;
    рад нашей встрече!

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > meet

  • 14 ever

    'evə
    1. adverb
    1) (at any time: Nobody ever visits us; She hardly ever writes; Have you ever ridden on an elephant?; If I ever / If ever I see him again I shall get my revenge; better than ever; the brightest star they had ever seen.) nunca, jamás
    2) (always; continually: They lived happily ever after; I've known her ever since she was a baby.) siempre
    3) (used for emphasis: The new doctor is ever so gentle; What ever shall I do?)
    •
    - evergreen
    2. noun
    (an evergreen tree: Firs and pines are evergreens.) árbol de hoja perenne
    - everlastingly
    - evermore
    - for ever / forever
    ever adv
    1. alguna vez
    do you ever go to the swimming pool? ¿vas alguna vez a la piscina?
    have you ever been to París? ¿has estado alguna vez en París?
    2. nunca / jamás
    3. nunca
    don't you ever have breakfast? ¿no desayunas nunca?
    ever since desde que / desde entonces
    tr['evəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 (in negative sentences) nunca, jamás
    2 (in questions) alguna vez
    ■ have you ever seen "Dracula"? ¿has visto "Drácula" alguna vez?
    ■ have you ever been to London? ¿has estado en Londres alguna vez?
    ■ do you ever think about life after death? ¿piensas alguna vez en la vida después de la muerte?
    ■ if you ever go to England, come and visit me si vas alguna vez a Inglaterra, ven a visitarme
    ■ did you ever meet my ex-husband? ¿llegaste a conocer a mi ex marido?
    3 (always) siempre
    ■ what ever shall I do? ¿qué demonios hago?
    ■ how ever did you lose your coat? ¿cómo demonios has perdido el abrigo?
    ■ why ever not? ¿y por qué no?
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    all somebody ever does is... lo único que alguien hace es...
    as ever como siempre
    as «(adjective)» as ever tan (adjetivo) como siempre
    ever since desde, desde entonces
    ever so... muy...
    ever such... muy...
    for ever (and ever) para siempre (jamás)
    ever more más y más, cada vez más
    did you ever...! ¡habráse visto!
    ever yours,... / yours ever,... (in letters) recibe un abrazo de...
    ever ['ɛvər] adv
    1) always: siempre
    as ever: como siempre
    ever since: desde entonces
    2) (in questions) : alguna vez, algún día
    have you ever been to Mexico?: ¿has estado en México alguna vez?
    doesn't he ever work?: ¿es que nunca trabaja?
    nobody ever helps me: nadie nunca me ayuda
    4) (in comparisons) : nunca
    better than ever: mejor que nunca
    I'm ever so happy!: ¡estoy tan y tan feliz!
    he looks ever so angry: parece estar muy enojado
    adv.
    • alguna vez adv.
    • jamás adv.
    • nunca adv.
    • por casualidad adv.
    • siempre adv.
    'evər, 'evə(r)
    1)

    have you ever visited London? — ¿has estado en Londres (alguna vez)?

    will we ever get there? — ¿llegaremos algún día?

    don't you ever listen? — ¿es que nunca escuchas?

    I seldom, if ever, eat meat — muy rara vez como carne

    b) (expressing incredulity, indignation)
    3) (always, constantly)

    they lived happily ever after — ( in fairy tales) vivieron felices y comieron perdices

    ever since: ever since we first saw her desde que la vimos por primera vez; we've been friends ever since somos amigos desde entonces; for ever — para siempre

    b) (before pres p and adj)

    ever helpful, he offered to drive me there — gentil como siempre, se ofreció a llevarme en coche

    when will you ever learn? — ¿cuándo vas a aprender?

    why ever did you tell him? — ¿por qué diablos se lo dijiste? (fam)

    what ever can have happened? — ¿qué podrá haber pasado?

    b) (esp BrE colloq)

    thanks ever so o ever so much o ever such a lot — muchísimas gracias

    ['evǝ(r)]
    ADV
    1) (=always) siempre

    • ever after — desde entonces

    • as ever — como siempre; (ending letter) un abrazo...

    • for ever — (=always) siempre

    for ever and ever, for ever and a day — por siempre jamás; (=until end of time) para siempre

    • ever since — (as adv) desde entonces; (as conj) desde que

    • yours ever — (ending letter) un abrazo...

    2) (=at any time)

    did you ever find it? — ¿lo encontraste por fin?

    did you ever meet him? — ¿llegaste a conocerlo?

    have you ever been there? — ¿has estado allí alguna vez?

    • better than ever — mejor que nunca

    • hardly ever — casi nunca

    • seldom, if ever — rara vez o nunca

    now, if ever, is the time or moment to... — ahora o nunca es el momento de...

    a nice man, if ever I saw one — hombre simpático donde los haya or si los hay

    • more than ever — más que nunca

    is it ever big! — (US) * ¡qué grande es!, ¡si vieras lo grande que es!

    as if I ever would! — ¿me crees capaz de hacer algo semejante?

    • as soon as ever you can — lo antes or lo más pronto posible

    • before ever you were born — antes de que nacieras

    • never ever — (nunca) jamás

    • ever so — (esp Brit) * muy

    ever so many things — tantísimas cosas, la mar de cosas

    ever so much — mucho, muchísimo

    • why ever did you do it? — ¿por qué demonios lo hiciste?

    why ever not? — ¿y por qué no?

    * * *
    ['evər, 'evə(r)]
    1)

    have you ever visited London? — ¿has estado en Londres (alguna vez)?

    will we ever get there? — ¿llegaremos algún día?

    don't you ever listen? — ¿es que nunca escuchas?

    I seldom, if ever, eat meat — muy rara vez como carne

    b) (expressing incredulity, indignation)
    3) (always, constantly)

    they lived happily ever after — ( in fairy tales) vivieron felices y comieron perdices

    ever since: ever since we first saw her desde que la vimos por primera vez; we've been friends ever since somos amigos desde entonces; for ever — para siempre

    b) (before pres p and adj)

    ever helpful, he offered to drive me there — gentil como siempre, se ofreció a llevarme en coche

    when will you ever learn? — ¿cuándo vas a aprender?

    why ever did you tell him? — ¿por qué diablos se lo dijiste? (fam)

    what ever can have happened? — ¿qué podrá haber pasado?

    b) (esp BrE colloq)

    thanks ever so o ever so much o ever such a lot — muchísimas gracias

    English-spanish dictionary > ever

  • 15 to

    1.
    [before vowel tʊ, before consonant tə, stressed tuː] preposition
    1) (in the direction of and reaching) zu; (with name of place) nach

    go to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen

    to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich

    2) (towards a condition or quality) zu
    3) (as far as) bis zu

    from London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh

    increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen

    with one's back to the wall — mit dem Rücken zur Wand

    [compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu

    it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut

    to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)

    lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.

    to me — (in my opinion) meiner Meinung nach

    what's that to you? — was geht das dich an?

    7) (until) bis

    to the end — bis zum Ende

    five [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht

    8) with infinitive of a verb zu; expressing purpose, or after academic.ru/75540/too">too um [...] zu

    too young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten

    to rebel is pointless — es ist sinnlos zu rebellieren

    he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es

    she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste

    2.
    [tuː] adverb
    1) (just not shut)

    be to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein

    2)
    * * *
    1. [tə,tu] preposition
    1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) zu, auf
    2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) bis
    3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) bis
    4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) zu, mit
    5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) zu, für
    6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) in
    7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) gegenüber, zu
    8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) zu
    9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) zu, um zu
    10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) zu
    2. [tu:] adverb
    1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) zu
    2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) zu sich, dran
    •
    * * *
    to
    [tu:, tu, tə]
    1. (moving towards) in + akk
    , nach + dat
    , zu + dat
    she walked over \to the window sie ging [hinüber] zum Fenster [o ans Fenster]
    we're going \to town wir gehen/fahren in die Stadt
    they go \to work on the bus sie fahren mit dem Bus zur Arbeit
    I'm going \to a party/concert ich gehe auf eine Party/ein Konzert
    she has to go \to a meeting now sie muss jetzt zu einem Meeting [gehen]
    we moved \to Germany last year wir sind letztes Jahr nach Deutschland gezogen
    he flew \to the US er flog in die USA
    she's never been \to Mexico before sie ist noch nie [zuvor] in Mexiko gewesen
    my first visit \to Africa mein erster Aufenthalt in Afrika
    this is a road \to nowhere! diese Straße führt nirgendwohin!
    parallel \to the x axis parallel zur x-Achse
    from here \to the station von hier [bis] zum Bahnhof
    on the way \to the mountains/the sea/the town centre auf dem Weg in die Berge/zum Meer/ins [o zum] Stadtzentrum
    \to the north/south nördlich/südlich
    twenty miles \to the north of the city zwanzig Meilen nördlich der Stadt
    the suburbs are \to the west of the city die Vororte liegen im Westen der Stadt
    from place \to place von Ort zu Ort
    \to the right/left nach rechts/links
    there \to the right dort rechts
    he's standing \to the left of Adrian er steht links neben Adrian
    2. (attending regularly) zu + dat
    , in + dat
    she goes \to kindergarten sie geht in den Kindergarten
    he goes \to university er geht auf die Universität
    do you go \to church? gehst du in die Kirche?
    I go \to the gym twice a week ich gehe zweimal wöchentlich zum Fitness
    3. (inviting to) zu + dat
    an invitation \to a wedding eine Einladung zu einer Hochzeit
    I've asked them \to dinner ich habe sie zum Essen eingeladen
    she took me out \to lunch yesterday sie hat mich gestern zum Mittagessen ausgeführt [o eingeladen
    she pointed \to a distant spot on the horizon sie zeigte auf einen fernen Punkt am Horizont
    to have one's back \to sth/sb etw/jdm den Rücken zudrehen
    back \to front verkehrt herum
    5. (in contact with) an + dat
    they were dancing cheek \to cheek sie tanzten Wange an Wange
    she put her hand \to his breast sie legte die Hand auf seine Brust
    she clasped the letter \to her bosom sie drückte den Brief an ihre Brust
    6. (attached to) an + akk
    tie the lead \to the fence mach die Leine am Zaun fest
    they fixed the bookshelves \to the wall sie brachten die Bücherregale an der Wand an
    stick the ads \to some paper klebe die Anzeigen auf ein Blatt Papier
    7. (with indirect object)
    ▪ \to sb/sth jdm/etw dat
    I lent my bike \to my brother ich habe meinem Bruder mein Fahrrad geliehen
    give that gun \to me gib mir das Gewehr
    children are often cruel \to each other Kinder sind oft grausam zueinander
    who's the letter addressed \to? an wen ist der Brief adressiert?
    what have they done \to you? was haben sie dir [an]getan?
    her knowledge proved useful \to him ihr Wissen erwies sich als hilfreich für ihn
    they made a complaint \to the manager sie reichten beim Geschäftsleiter eine Beschwerde ein
    a threat \to world peace eine Bedrohung des Weltfriedens [o für den Weltfrieden]
    to be grateful \to sb jdm dankbar sein
    to be married \to sb mit jdm verheiratet sein
    to tell/show sth \to sb jdm etw erzählen/zeigen
    and what did you say \to that? und was hast du dazu gesagt?
    he finally confessed \to the crime er gestand schließlich das Verbrechen
    this is essential \to our strategy dies ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer Strategie
    9. (in response) auf + akk
    a reference \to Psalm 22:18 ein Verweis auf Psalm 22:18
    her reply \to the question ihre Antwort auf die Frage
    and what was her response \to that? und wie lautete ihr Antwort darauf?
    10. (belonging to) zu + dat
    the keys \to his car seine Autoschlüssel
    the top \to this pen die Kappe, die auf diesen Stift gehört
    she has a mean side \to her sie kann auch sehr gemein sein
    there is a very moral tone \to this book dieses Buch hat einen sehr moralischen Unterton
    there's a funny side \to everything alles hat auch seine komische Seite
    11. (compared to) mit + dat
    I prefer beef \to seafood ich ziehe Rindfleisch Meeresfrüchten vor
    she looked about thirty \to his sixty neben ihm mit seinen sechzig Jahren wirkte sie wie dreißig
    to be comparable \to sth mit etw dat vergleichbar sein
    [to be] nothing \to sth nichts im Vergleich zu etw dat [sein]
    her wage is nothing \to what she could earn ihr Einkommen steht in keinem Vergleich zu dem, was sie verdienen könnte
    to be superior \to sb jdm übergeordnet sein, höher stehen als jd
    12. (in scores) zu + dat
    Paul beat me by three games \to two Paul hat im Spiel drei zu zwei gegen mich gewonnen
    Manchester won three \to one Manchester hat drei zu eins gewonnen
    13. (until) bis + dat
    , zu + dat
    I read up \to page 100 ich habe bis Seite 100 gelesen
    unemployment has risen \to almost 8 million die Arbeitslosigkeit ist auf fast 8 Millionen angestiegen
    count \to 20 zähle bis 20
    it's about fifty miles \to New York es sind [noch] etwa fünfzig Meilen bis New York
    14. (expressing change of state) zu + dat
    he converted \to Islam er ist zum Islam übergetreten
    his expression changed from amazement \to joy sein Ausdruck wechselte von Erstaunen zu Freude
    the change \to the metric system der Wechsel zum metrischen System
    her promotion \to department manager ihre Beförderung zur Abteilungsleiterin
    the meat was cooked \to perfection das Fleisch war bestens zubereitet
    he drank himself \to death er trank sich zu Tode
    she nursed me back \to health sie hat mich [wieder] gesund gepflegt
    smashed \to pieces in tausend Stücke geschlagen
    she was close \to tears sie war den Tränen nahe
    he was thrilled \to bits er freute sich wahnsinnig
    15. (to point in time) bis + dat
    the shop is open \to 8.00 p.m. der Laden hat bis 20 Uhr geöffnet
    we're in this \to the end wir führen dies bis zum Ende
    and \to this day... und bis auf den heutigen Tag...
    it's only two weeks \to your birthday! es sind nur noch zwei Wochen bis zu deinem Geburtstag!
    16. (including)
    ▪ from... \to... von... bis...
    from beginning \to end von Anfang bis Ende
    from morning \to night von morgens bis abends
    front \to back von vorne bis hinten, von allen Seiten
    I read the document front \to back ich habe das Dokument von vorne bis hinten gelesen
    he's done everything from snowboarding \to windsurfing er hat von Snowboarden bis Windsurfen alles [mal] gemacht
    from simple theft \to cold-blooded murder vom einfachen Diebstahl bis zum kaltblütigen Mord
    17. BRIT (in clock times) vor, bis SÜDD
    it's twenty \to six es ist zwanzig vor sechs
    18. (causing) zu + dat
    \to my relief/horror/astonishment zu meiner Erleichterung/meinem Entsetzen/meinem Erstaunen
    much \to her surprise zu ihrer großen Überraschung
    19. (according to) für + akk
    \to me, it sounds like she's ending the relationship für mich hört sich das an, als ob sie die Beziehung beenden wollte
    that outfit looks good \to me das Outfit gefällt mir gut
    if it's acceptable \to you wenn Sie einverstanden sind
    this would be \to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil, das wäre für dich von Vorteil
    does this make any sense \to you? findest du das auf irgendeine Weise einleuchtend?
    fifty pounds is nothing \to him fünfzig Pfund sind nichts für ihn
    what's it \to you? ( fam) was geht dich das an?
    20. (serving) für + akk
    he works as a personal trainer \to the rich and famous er arbeitet als Personal Trainer für die Reichen und Berühmten
    they are hat makers \to Her Majesty the Queen sie sind Hutmacher Ihrer Majestät, der Königin
    economic adviser \to the president Wirtschaftsberater des Präsidenten
    21. FILM (next to)
    she was Ophelia \to Olivier's Hamlet in der Verfilmung von Olivier spielte sie neben Hamlet die Ophelia
    22. (in honour of) auf + akk
    here's \to you! auf dein/Ihr Wohl!
    \to the cook! auf den Koch/die Köchin!
    the record is dedicated \to her mother die Schallplatte ist ihrer Mutter gewidmet
    I propose a toast \to the bride and groom ich bringe einen Toast auf die Braut und den Bräutigam aus
    a memorial \to all the soldiers who died in Vietnam ein Denkmal für alle im Vietnamkrieg gefallenen Soldaten
    23. (per)
    the car gets 25 miles \to the gallon das Auto verbraucht eine Gallone auf 25 Meilen
    three parts oil \to one part vinegar drei Teile Öl auf einen Teil Essig
    the odds are 2 \to 1 that you'll lose die Chancen stehen 2 zu 1, dass du verlierst
    she awoke \to the sound of screaming sie wurden durch laute Schreie wach
    I like exercising \to music ich trainiere gerne mit Musik
    I can't dance \to this sort of music ich kann zu dieser Art Musik nicht tanzen
    the band walked on stage \to rapturous applause die Band zog unter tosendem Applaus auf die Bühne
    25. (roughly) bis + dat
    thirty \to thirty-five people dreißig bis fünfunddreißig Leute
    26. MATH (defining exponent) hoch
    ten \to the power of three zehn hoch drei
    27.
    ▶ that's all there is \to it das ist schon alles
    ▶ there's not much [or nothing] \to it das ist nichts Besonderes, da ist nichts Besonderes dabei
    1. (expressing future intention) zu
    she agreed \to help sie erklärte sich bereit zu helfen
    I'll have \to tell him ich werde es ihm sagen müssen
    I don't expect \to be finished any later than seven ich denke, dass ich spätestens um sieben fertig sein werde
    he lived \to see his first grandchild er durfte erleben, dass sein erstes Enkelkind geboren wurde
    I have \to go on a business trip ich muss auf eine Geschäftsreise
    the company is \to pay over £500,000 die Firma muss über 500.000 Pfund bezahlen
    he's going \to write his memoirs er wird seine Memoiren schreiben
    I have some things \to be fixed ich habe einige Dinge zu reparieren
    Blair \to meet with Bush Blair trifft Bush
    to be about \to do sth gerade etw tun wollen, im Begriff sein, etw zu tun
    2. (forming requests) zu
    she was told \to have the report finished by Friday sie wurde gebeten, den Bericht bis Freitag fertigzustellen
    he told me \to wait er sagte mir, ich solle warten
    I asked her \to give me a call ich bat sie, mich anzurufen
    we asked her \to explain wir baten sie, es uns zu erklären
    you've not \to do that du sollst das nicht tun
    that man is not \to come here again der Mann darf dieses Haus nicht mehr betreten
    young man, you're \to go to your room right now junger Mann, du gehst jetzt auf dein Zimmer
    3. (expressing wish) zu
    I need \to eat something first ich muss zuerst etwas essen
    I'd love \to live in New York ich würde nur zu gern in New York leben
    would you like \to dance? möchten Sie tanzen?
    that child ought \to be in bed das Kind sollte [schon] im Bett sein
    I want \to go now ich möchte jetzt gehen
    I need \to go to the bathroom ich muss mal auf die Toilette
    do you want \to come with us? willst du [mit uns] mitkommen?
    I'd love \to go to France this summer ich würde diesen Sommer gern nach Frankreich fahren
    4. (omitting verb)
    are you going tonight? — I'm certainly hoping \to gehst du heute Abend? — das hoffe ich sehr
    would you like to go and see the Russian clowns? — yes, I'd love \to möchtest du gern die russischen Clowns sehen? — ja, sehr gern
    can you drive? — yes I'm able \to but I prefer not \to kannst du Auto fahren? — ja, das kann ich, aber ich fahre nicht gern
    5. after adj (to complete meaning)
    it's not likely \to happen es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht, das wird wohl kaum geschehen
    I was afraid \to tell her ich hatte Angst, es ihr zu sagen
    he's able \to speak four languages er spricht vier Sprachen
    she's due \to have her baby sie bekommt bald ihr Baby
    I'm afraid \to fly ich habe Angst vorm Fliegen
    she's happy \to see you back sie ist froh, dass du wieder zurück bist
    I'm sorry \to hear that es tut mir leid, das zu hören
    easy \to use leicht zu bedienen
    languages are fun \to learn Sprachenlernen macht Spaß
    it is interesting \to know that es ist interessant, das zu wissen
    three months is too long \to wait drei Monate zu warten ist zu lang
    I'm too nervous \to talk right now ich bin zu nervös, um jetzt zu sprechen
    I'm going there \to see my sister ich gehe dort hin, um meine Schwester zu treffen
    she's gone \to pick Jean up sie ist Jean abholen gegangen
    my second attempt \to make flaky pastry mein zweiter Versuch, einen Blätterteig zu machen
    they have no reason \to lie sie haben keinerlei Grund zu lügen
    I have the chance \to buy a house cheaply ich habe die Gelegenheit, billig ein Haus zu kaufen
    something \to eat etwas zu essen
    the first person \to arrive die erste Person, die ankam [o eintraf]
    Armstrong was the first man \to walk on the moon Armstrong war der erste Mann, der den Mond betrat
    7. (expressing intent)
    we tried \to help wir versuchten zu helfen
    \to make this cake, you'll need... für diesen Kuchen braucht man...
    he managed \to escape es gelang ihm zu entkommen
    I don't know what \to do ich weiß nicht, was ich tun soll
    I don't know where \to begin ich weiß nicht, wo ich anfangen soll
    she was wondering whether \to ask David about it sie fragte sich, ob sie David deswegen fragen sollte
    can you tell me how \to get there? könne Sie mir sagen, wie ich dort hinkomme?
    9. (introducing clause)
    \to tell the truth [or \to be truthful] um die Wahrheit zu sagen
    \to be quite truthful with you, Dave, I never really liked the man ich muss dir ehrlich sagen, Dave, ich konnte diesen Mann noch nie leiden
    \to be honest um ehrlich zu sein
    10. (in consecutive acts) um zu
    he looked up \to greet his guests er blickte auf, um seine Gäste zu begrüßen
    she reached out \to take his hand sie griff nach seiner Hand
    they turned around \to find their car gone sie drehten sich um und bemerkten, dass ihr Auto verschwunden war
    III. ADVERB
    inv zu
    to push [or pull] the door \to die Tür zuschlagen
    to come \to zu sich dat kommen
    to set \to sich akk daranmachen fam
    they set \to with a will, determined to finish the job sie machten sich mit Nachdruck daran, entschlossen, die Arbeit zu Ende zu bringen
    * * *
    [tuː]
    1. PREPOSITION
    1) = in direction of, towards zu

    to go to the doctor( 's)/greengrocer's etc — zum Arzt/Gemüsehändler etc gehen

    to go to the opera/concert etc — in die Oper/ins Konzert etc gehen

    to go to France/London — nach Frankreich/London fahren

    to go to Switzerland —

    he came up to where I was standing —

    to turn a picture/one's face to the wall — ein Bild/sich mit dem Gesicht zur Wand drehen

    2) = as far as, until bis

    to count (up) to 20 —

    3) = in in (+dat)

    I have never been to Brussels/India — ich war noch nie in Brüssel/Indien

    4)

    = secure to he nailed it to the wall/floor etc — er nagelte es an die Wand/auf den Boden etc

    they tied him to the tree —

    5)

    with indirect object to give sth to sb — jdm etw geben

    a present from me to you —

    I said to myself... — ich habe mir gesagt...

    he was muttering/singing to himself — er murmelte/sang vor sich hin

    "To... " (on envelope etc) to pray to God — "An (+acc)..." zu Gott beten

    6) in toasts auf (+acc)
    7)

    = next to with position bumper to bumper — Stoßstange an Stoßstange

    close to sb/sth — nahe bei jdm/etw

    at right angles to the wall —

    to the west (of)/the left (of) — westlich/links (von)

    20 ( minutes) to 2 — 20 (Minuten) vor 2

    at (a) quarter to 2 — um Viertel vor 2

    it was five to when we arrived — es war fünf vor, als wir ankamen

    9) = in relation to zu

    A is to B as C is to D —

    they won by 4 goals to 2 — sie haben mit 4:2 (spoken: vier zu zwei) Toren gewonnen

    10) = per pro; (in recipes, when mixing) auf (+acc)
    11) MATH

    3 to the 4th, 3 to the power of 4 — 3 hoch 4

    12)

    = concerning what do you say to the idea? — was hältst du von der Idee?

    to repairing television £30 (Comm) — (für) Reparatur eines Fernsehers £ 30

    13)

    = according to to the best of my knowledge — nach bestem Wissen

    14)

    = accompanied by to sing to the guitar —

    to sing sth to the tune of... — etw nach der Melodie von... singen

    to dance to a tune/a band — zu einer Melodie/den Klängen or der Musik eines Orchesters tanzen

    15)

    = of ambassador to America/the King of France — Botschafter in Amerika/am Hofe des Königs von Frankreich

    16)

    = producing to everyone's surprise — zu jedermanns Überraschung

    17)

    infinitive to begin to do sth — anfangen, etw zu tun

    I want him to do it — ich will, dass er es tut

    18)

    conditional use of infinitive to see him now, one would never think... — wenn man ihn jetzt sieht, würde man nicht glauben,...

    19)

    infinitive expressing purpose, result to eat/work to live —

    I did it to help you — ich tat es, um dir zu helfen

    to get to the point,... — um zur Sache zu kommen,...

    well, not to exaggerate... — ohne zu übertreiben,...

    I arrived to find she had gone — als ich ankam, war sie weg

    20)

    omitting verb I don't want to — ich will nicht

    we didn't want to but we were forced to — wir wollten nicht, aber wir waren dazu gezwungen

    I intended to (do it), but I forgot (to) — ich wollte es tun, aber ich habe es vergessen

    buy it, it would be silly not to — kaufe es, es wäre dumm, es nicht zu tun

    he often does things one doesn't expect him to — er macht oft Dinge, die man nicht von ihm erwartet

    21)

    set structures __diams; noun/pronoun + to + infinitive he is not the sort to do that — er ist nicht der Typ, der das täte, er ist nicht der Typ dazu

    I have done nothing to deserve this — ich habe nichts getan, womit ich das verdient hätte

    who is he to order you around? — wer ist er denn, dass er dich so herumkommandiert?

    he was the first to arrive — er kam als Erster an, er war der Erste, der ankam

    who was the last to see her? —

    what is there to do here? —

    now is the time to do it — jetzt ist die (beste) Zeit, es zu tun

    you are foolish to try it — du bist dumm, das überhaupt zu versuchen

    is it good to eat? —

    he's too old to be still in short trousers — er ist schon so alt und trägt noch kurze Hosen

    2. ADJECTIVE
    door (= ajar) angelehnt; (= shut) zu
    3. ADVERB

    to and fro — hin und her; walk auf und ab

    * * *
    to
    A präp [tuː; tʊ; tə]
    2. (Richtung und Ziel, räumlich) zu, nach, an (akk), in (akk), auf (akk):
    go to London nach London fahren;
    from east to west von Osten nach Westen;
    throw sth to the ground etwas auf den oder zu Boden werfen
    3. in (dat):
    have you ever been to London?
    4. (Richtung, Ziel, Zweck) zu, auf (akk), an (akk), in (akk), für, gegen:
    play to a large audience vor einem großen Publikum spielen; → duty A 1 a, invite A 1, pray B 2, etc
    5. (Zugehörigkeit) zu, in (akk), für, auf (akk):
    a cap with a tassel to it eine Mütze mit einer Troddel (daran);
    a key to the case ein Schlüssel für den oder zum Koffer;
    a room to myself ein Zimmer für mich (allein); → assistant B 1, end C 7, moral B 1, secretary 1, etc
    6. (Übereinstimmung, Gemäßheit) nach, für, gemäß: → astonishment, etc
    7. (im Verhältnis oder Vergleich) zu, gegen, gegenüber, auf (akk), mit:
    the score is three to one (3-1) das Spiel oder es steht drei zu eins (3:1);
    two is to four as four is to eight zwei verhält sich zu vier wie vier zu acht
    8. (Ausmaß, Grenze, Grad) bis, (bis) zu, (bis) an (akk), auf (akk), in (dat):
    to the clouds bis an die Wolken;
    ten feet to the ground zehn Fuß bis zum Boden; → craziness
    9. (zeitliche Ausdehnung oder Grenze) bis, bis zu, bis gegen, auf (akk), vor (dat):
    from three to four von drei bis vier (Uhr);
    it’s ten to five es ist zehn vor fünf
    10. (Begleitung) zu, nach:
    sing to a guitar zu einer Gitarre singen;
    they danced to a tune sie tanzten nach einer Melodie; → dance A 1
    a) betont:
    he gave the book to me, not to you! er gab das Buch mir, nicht Ihnen!
    she was a good mother to him sie war ihm eine gute Mutter
    B partikel [tʊ; tə]
    to go gehen;
    easy to understand leicht zu verstehen;
    she was heard to cry man hörte sie weinen
    2. (Zweck, Absicht) um zu, zu:
    he only does it to earn money er tut es nur, um Geld zu verdienen
    I weep to think of it ich weine, wenn ich daran denke;
    he was the first to arrive er kam als Erster;
    to hear him talk wenn man ihn (so) reden hört; → honest A 1 b
    why blame you me to love you? obs oder poet was tadelst du mich, weil ich dich liebe?
    5. zur Andeutung eines aus dem Vorhergehenden zu ergänzenden Infinitivs:
    I don’t go because I don’t want to ich gehe nicht, weil ich nicht (gehen) will
    C adv [tuː]
    1. a) zu, geschlossen:
    pull the door to die Türe zuziehen
    b) angelehnt:
    2. (wieder) zu Bewusstsein oder zu sich: → bring to A 1, come to 1
    3. SCHIFF nahe am Wind:
    keep her to!
    a) hin und her,
    b) auf und ab
    * * *
    1.
    [before vowel tʊ, before consonant tə, stressed tuː] preposition

    go to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen

    to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich

    3) (as far as) bis zu

    from London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh

    increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen

    4) (next to, facing)
    5) (implying comparison, ratio, etc.)

    [compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu

    it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut

    to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)

    lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.

    to me — (in my opinion) meiner Meinung nach

    7) (until) bis

    five [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht

    8) with infinitive of a verb zu; expressing purpose, or after too um [...] zu

    do something to annoy somebody — etwas tun, um jemanden zu ärgern

    too young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten

    he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es

    she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste

    2.
    [tuː] adverb

    be to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein

    2)

    English-german dictionary > to

  • 16 to

    [tu:, tu, tə] prep
    1) ( moving towards) in +akk, nach +dat, zu +dat;
    she walked over \to the window sie ging [hinüber] zum Fenster [o ans Fenster];
    \to the right/ left nach rechts/links;
    there \to the right dort rechts;
    he's standing \to the left of Adrian er steht links neben Adrian;
    \to the north/ south nördlich/südlich;
    twenty miles \to the north of the city zwanzig Meilen nördlich der Stadt;
    the suburbs are \to the west of the city die Vororte liegen im Westen der Stadt;
    parallel \to the x axis parallel zur x-Achse;
    we're going \to town wir gehen/fahren in die Stadt;
    \to the mountains in die Berge;
    \to the sea ans Meer;
    \to the park in den Park;
    from here \to the station von hier [bis] zum Bahnhof;
    the way \to the town centre der Weg ins Stadtzentrum;
    they go \to work on the bus sie fahren mit dem Bus zur Arbeit;
    I'm going \to a party/ concert ich gehe auf eine Party/ein Konzert;
    she has to go \to a meeting now sie muss jetzt zu einem Meeting [gehen];
    we moved \to Germany last year wir sind letztes Jahr nach Deutschland gezogen;
    he flew \to the US er flog in die USA;
    she's never been \to Mexico before sie ist noch nie [zuvor] in Mexiko gewesen;
    my first visit \to Africa mein erster Aufenthalt in Afrika;
    this is a road \to nowhere! diese Straße führt nirgendwohin!
    2) ( attending regularly) zu +dat, in +dat;
    she goes \to kindergarten sie geht in den Kindergarten;
    he goes \to college er geht zur Hochschule [o studiert an der Hochschule];
    do you go \to church? gehst du in die Kirche?;
    I go \to the gym twice a week ich gehe zweimal wöchentlich in die Turnhalle
    3) ( inviting to) zu +dat;
    an invitation \to a wedding eine Einladung zu einer Hochzeit;
    I've asked them \to dinner ich habe sie zum Essen eingeladen;
    she took me out \to lunch yesterday sie hat mich gestern zum Abendessen ausgeführt [o eingeladen];
    4) ( in direction of) auf +akk;
    she pointed \to a distant spot on the horizon sie zeigte auf einen fernen Punkt am Horizont;
    to have one's back \to sth/sb etw/jdm den Rücken zudrehen;
    back \to front verkehrt herum
    5) ( in contact with) an +dat;
    they were dancing cheek \to cheek sie tanzten Wange an Wange;
    she put her hand \to his breast sie legte die Hand auf seine Brust;
    she clasped the letter \to her bosom sie drückte den Brief an ihren Busen
    6) ( attached to) an +akk;
    tie the lead \to the fence mache die Leine am Zaun fest;
    they fixed the bookshelves \to the wall sie brachten die Bücherregale an der Wand an;
    stick the ads \to some paper klebe die Anzeigen auf ein Blatt Papier
    7) ( with indirect object) mit +dat;
    I lent my bike \to my brother ich habe meinem Bruder mein Fahrrad geliehen;
    give that gun \to me gib mir das Gewehr;
    he is married \to his cousin Emma er ist mit seiner Kusine Emma verheiratet;
    I told that \to Glyn ich habe das Glyn erzählt;
    you should show that rash \to the doctor du solltest den Ausschlag dem Arzt zeigen;
    what have they done \to you? was haben sie dir [an]getan?;
    children are often cruel \to each other Kinder sind oft grausam zueinander;
    who's the letter addressed \to? an wen ist der Brief gerichtet [o adressiert] ?;
    her knowledge proved useful \to him ihr Wissen erwies sich als hilfreich für ihn;
    I am deeply grateful \to my parents ich bin meinen Eltern zutiefst dankbar;
    a threat \to world peace eine Bedrohung des Weltfriedens [o für den Weltfrieden];
    they made a complaint \to the manager sie reichten beim Geschäftsleiter eine Beschwerde ein
    8) ( with respect to) zu +dat;
    and what did you say \to that? und was hast du dazu gesagt?;
    he finally confessed \to the crime er gestand schließlich das Verbrechen;
    this is essential \to our strategy dies ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer Strategie;
    ( in response) auf +akk;
    a reference \to Psalm 22:18 ein Verweis auf Psalm 22:18;
    her reply \to the question ihre Antwort auf die Frage;
    and what was her response \to that? und wie lautete ihr Antwort darauf?
    9) ( belonging to) zu +dat;
    the keys \to his car seine Autoschlüssel;
    the top \to this pen die Kappe zu diesem Stift;
    she has a mean side \to her sie kann auch sehr gemein sein;
    there is a very moral tone \to this book dieses Buch hat einen sehr moralischer Ton;
    there's a funny side \to everything alles hat auch seine komische Seite
    10) ( compared to) mit +dat;
    I prefer beef \to seafood ich ziehe Rindfleisch Meeresfrüchten vor;
    frogs' legs are comparable \to chicken Froschschenkel sind mit Hühnerfleisch vergleichbar;
    a colonel is superior \to a sergeant ein Oberst ist ein höherer Dienstgrad als ein Unteroffizier;
    she looked about thirty \to his sixty gegenüber seinen sechzig Jahren wirkte sie wie dreißig;
    [to be] nothing \to sth nichts im Vergleich zu etw dat [sein];
    her wage is nothing \to what she could earn ihr Einkommen steht in keinem Vergleich zu dem, was sie verdienen könnte
    11) ( in scores) zu +dat;
    Paul beat me by three games \to two Paul hat im Spiel drei zu zwei gegen mich gewonnen;
    Manchester won three \to to one Manchester hat drei zu eins gewonnen
    12) ( until) bis +dat, zu +dat;
    I read up \to page 100 ich habe bis Seite 100 gelesen;
    unemployment has risen \to almost 8 million die Arbeitslosigkeit ist auf fast 8 Millionen angestiegen;
    count \to 20 bis 20 zählen;
    it's about fifty miles \to New York es sind [noch] etwa fünfzig Meilen bis New York
    he converted \to Islam er ist zum Islam übergetreten;
    his expression changed from amazement \to joy sein Ausdruck wechselte von Erstaunen zu Freude;
    the change \to the metric system der Wechsel zum metrischen System;
    her promotion \to department manager ihre Beförderung zur Abteilungsleiterin;
    the meat was cooked \to perfection das Fleisch war perfekt zubereitet [worden];
    he drank himself \to death er trank sich zu Tode;
    she nursed me back \to health sie hat mich [wieder] gesund gepflegt;
    smashed \to pieces in tausend Stücke geschlagen;
    she was close \to tears sie war den Tränen nahe;
    he was thrilled \to bits er freute sich wahnsinnig
    14) ( to point in time) bis +dat;
    the shop is open \to 8.00 p.m. der Laden hat bis 20 Uhr geöffnet;
    we're in this \to the end wir führen dies bis zum Ende;
    and \to this day... und bis auf den heutigen Tag...;
    it's only two weeks \to your birthday! es sind nur noch zwei Wochen bis zu deinem Geburtstag!
    from... \to... von... bis...;
    from beginning \to end von Anfang bis Ende;
    from morning \to night von Kopf bis Fuß;
    front \to back von vorne bis hinten, von allen Seiten;
    I read the document front \to back ich habe das Dokument von vorne bis hinten gelesen;
    he's done everything from snowboarding \to windsurfing er hat von Snowboarden bis Windsurfen alles [mal] gemacht;
    from simple theft \to cold-blooded murder vom einfachen Diebstahl bis zum kaltblütigen Mord
    16) ( Brit) ( in clock times) vor +dat in Southern Germany bis +dat;
    it's twenty \to six es ist zwanzig vor sechs
    17) ( causing) zu +dat;
    \to my relief/ horror/ astonishment zu meiner Erleichterung/meinem Entsetzen/meinem Erstaunen;
    much \to her surprise zu ihrer großen Überraschung
    18) ( according to) für +akk;
    \to me, it sounds like he's ending the relationship für mich hört sich das an, als ob er die Beziehung beenden wollte;
    that outfit looks good \to me das Outfit gefällt mir gut;
    if it's acceptable \to you wenn Sie einverstanden sind;
    this would be \to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil, das wäre für dich von Vorteil;
    does this make any sense \to you? findest du das auf irgendeine Weise einleuchtend?;
    fifty pounds is nothing \to him fünfzig Pfund bedeuten ihm nichts;
    what's it \to you? ( fam) was geht dich das an?
    19) ( serving) für +akk;
    as a personal trainer \to the rich and famous als persönlicher Trainer der Reichen und Berühmten;
    they are hat makers \to Her Majesty the Queen sie sind Hutmacher Ihrer Majestät, der Königin;
    economic adviser \to the president Wirtschaftsberater des Präsidenten; film ( next to)
    she was Ophelia \to Olivier's Hamlet sie spielte die Ophelia neben Oliviers Hamlet
    20) ( in honour of) auf +akk;
    here's \to you! auf dein/Ihr Wohl!;
    \to the cook! auf den Koch/die Köchin!;
    the record is dedicated \to her mother die Schallplatte ist ihrer Mutter gewidmet;
    I propose a toast \to the bride and groom ich bringe einen Toast auf die Braut und den Bräutigam aus;
    a memorial \to all the soldiers who died in Vietnam ein Denkmal für alle im Vietnamkrieg gefallenen Soldaten
    21) ( per)
    the car gets 25 miles \to the gallon das Auto verbraucht eine Gallone auf 25 Meilen;
    three parts oil \to one part vinegar drei Teile Öl auf einen Teil Essig;
    the odds are 2 \to 1 that you'll lose die Chancen stehen 2 zu 1, dass du verlierst
    22) ( as a result of) von +dat;
    she awoke \to the sound of screaming sie erwachte von lautem Geschrei;
    he left the stage \to the sound of booing er ging unter den Buhrufen von der Bühne;
    I like exercising \to music ich trainiere gern zu [o mit] Musik;
    I can't dance \to this sort of music ich kann zu dieser Art Musik nicht tanzen;
    the band walked on stage \to rapturous applause die Band zog unter tosendem Applaus auf die Bühne
    23) ( roughly) bis +dat;
    thirty \to thirty-five people dreißig bis fünfunddreißig Leute
    ten \to the power of three zehn hoch drei
    PHRASES:
    that's all there is \to it das ist schon alles;
    there's not much [or nothing] \to it das ist nichts Besonderes, da ist nichts Besonderes dabei in forming infinitives
    she agreed \to help sie erklärte sich bereit zu helfen;
    I'll have \to tell him ich werde es ihm sagen müssen;
    I don't expect \to be finished any later than seven ich denke, dass ich spätestens um sieben fertig sein werde;
    sadly she didn't live \to see her grandchildren leider war es ihr nicht vergönnt, ihre Enkel noch zu erleben;
    I have \to go on a business trip ich muss auf eine Geschäftsreise;
    the company is \to pay over £500,000 die Firma muss über £500.000 bezahlen;
    he's going \to write his memoirs er wird seine Memoiren schreiben;
    I have some things \to be fixed ich habe einige Dinge zu reparieren;
    Blair \to meet with Putin Blair trifft Putin;
    be about \to do sth gerade etw tun wollen, im Begriff sein etw zu tun
    she was told \to have the report finished by Friday sie wurde gebeten, den Bericht bis Freitag fertig zu stellen;
    he told me \to wait er sagte mir, ich solle warten;
    I asked her \to give me a call ich bat sie, mich anzurufen;
    we asked her \to explain wir baten sie, es uns zu erklären;
    you've not \to do that du sollst das nicht tun;
    that man is not \to come here again der Mann darf dieses Haus nicht mehr betreten;
    young man, you're \to go to your room right now junger Mann, du gehst jetzt auf dein Zimmer
    3) ( expressing wish) zu;
    I need \to eat something first ich muss zuerst etwas essen;
    I'd love \to live in New York ich würde liebend [o nur zu] gern in New York leben;
    would you like \to dance? möchten Sie tanzen?;
    that child ought \to be in bed das Kind sollte [schon] im Bett sein;
    I want \to go now ich möchte jetzt gehen;
    I need \to go to the bathroom ich muss noch einmal zur [o auf die] Toilette;
    do you want \to come with us? willst du [mit uns] mitkommen?;
    I'd love \to go to France this summer ich würde diesen Sommer gern nach Frankreich fahren
    are you going tonight? - I'm certainly hoping \to gehst du heute Abend? - das hoffe ich sehr;
    would you like to go and see the Russian clowns? - yes, I'd love \to möchtest du gern die russischen Clowns sehen? - ja, sehr gern;
    can you drive? - yes I'm able \to but I prefer not \to kannst du Auto fahren? - ja, das kann ich, aber ich fahre nicht gern
    it's not likely \to happen es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht, das wird wohl kaum geschehen;
    I was afraid \to tell her ich hatte Angst, es ihr zu sagen;
    he's able \to speak four languages er spricht vier Sprachen;
    she's due \to have her baby sie soll bald ihr Baby bekommen;
    I'm afraid \to fly ich habe Angst vorm Fliegen;
    she's happy \to see you back sie ist froh, dass du wieder zurück bist;
    I'm sorry \to hear that es ist tut mir leid, das zu hören;
    easy \to use leicht zu bedienen;
    languages are fun \to learn Sprachenlernen macht Spaß;
    it is interesting \to know that es ist interessant, das zu wissen;
    three months is too long \to wait drei Monate zu warten ist zu lang;
    I'm too nervous \to talk right now ich bin zu nervös, um jetzt zu sprechen
    I'm going there \to see my sister ich gehe dort hin, um meine Schwester zu treffen;
    she's gone \to pick Jean up sie ist Jean abholen gegangen;
    my second attempt \to make flaky pastry mein zweiter Versuch, einen Blätterteig zu machen;
    they have no reason \to lie sie haben keinerlei Grund zu lügen;
    I have the chance \to buy a house cheaply ich habe die Gelegenheit, billig ein Haus zu kaufen;
    something \to eat etwas zu essen;
    the first person \to arrive die erste Person, die ankam [o eintraf];
    Armstrong was the first man \to walk on the moon Armstrong war der erste Mann, der je den Mond betrat
    we tried \to help wir versuchten zu helfen;
    \to make this cake, you'll need... für diesen Kuchen braucht man...;
    he managed \to escape es gelang ihm zu entkommen
    I don't know what \to do ich weiß nicht, was ich tun soll;
    I don't know where \to begin ich weiß nicht, wo ich anfangen soll;
    she was wondering whether \to ask David about it sie fragte sich, ob sie David deswegen fragen sollte;
    can you tell me how \to get there? könne Sie mir sagen, wie ich dort hinkomme?
    \to tell the truth [or \to be truthful] um die Wahrheit zu sagen;
    \to be quite truthful with you, Dave, I never really liked the man ich muss dir ehrlich sagen, Dave, ich konnte diesen Mann noch nie leiden;
    \to be honest um ehrlich zu sein
    he looked up \to greet his guests er blickte auf, um seine Gäste zu begrüßen;
    she reached out \to take his hand sie griff nach seiner Hand;
    they turned around \to find their car gone sie drehten sich um und bemerkten, dass ihr Auto verschwunden war adv
    inv zu;
    to push [or pull] the door \to die Tür zuschlagen;
    to come \to zu sich dat kommen;
    to set \to sich akk daranmachen ( fam)
    they set \to with a will, determined to finish the job sie machten sich mit Nachdruck daran, entschlossen, die Arbeit zu Ende zu bringen

    English-German students dictionary > to

  • 17 meet

    1. [mi:t] n
    1. сбор (охотников, велосипедистов и т. п.)
    2. амер. спортивная встреча, соревнование

    athletic [swimming] meet - легкоатлетические соревнования [соревнования по плаванию]

    3. мат. пересечение (напр., множеств)
    2. [mi:t] a predic арх.
    подобающий, подходящий
    3. [mi:t] v (met)
    1. 1) встречать

    to meet smb. in the street [in the theatre, at the station, unexpectedly, in the morning] - встретить кого-л. на улице [в театре, на вокзале, неожиданно, утром]

    fancy meeting you! - ну и встреча!

    2) встречаться, видеться

    we seldom [often] meet - мы редко [часто] встречаемся /видимся/

    I hope we shall meet again - я надеюсь, мы снова увидимся

    I hope to meet you soon - надеюсь вскоре с вами встретиться /повидаться/

    (good-bye) until /till/ we meet again - до новой /следующей/ встречи

    she is too young to be meeting young men - ей ещё рано встречаться с молодыми людьми

    she still meets him - она продолжает встречаться /видеться/ с ним

    to meet one's death - образн. найти свою смерть, умереть

    2. собираться, встречаться

    to meet together - собираться, сходиться

    when will Parliament meet? - когда соберётся парламент?

    they will debate it when Parliament meets - они обсудят это, когда парламент приступит к своей работе

    the whole school met to hear his speech - послушать его выступление собралась /пришла/ вся школа

    3. 1) сходиться, соприкасаться

    her hand met his face in a resounding slap - она дала ему звонкую пощёчину

    2) встречаться ( о взглядах)

    our eyes met - наши взгляды встретились, мы посмотрели друг на друга, мы обменялись взглядами

    4. 1) пересекаться

    here the road meets the railway - здесь дорога пересекает железнодорожную линию, здесь дорога пересекается с железнодорожной линией

    2) впадать ( о реке)

    where the Kama meets the Volga - при впадении Камы в Волгу, там, где Кама впадает в Волгу

    5. знакомиться

    I want you to meet Mr. Smith - я хочу познакомить вас с мистером Смитом

    meet Mr. Smith - амер. познакомьтесь с мистером Смитом

    come and meet some interesting people - приходите, и я познакомлю вас с кое-какими интересными людьми

    6. 1) ( чаще with) испытать (что-л.), подвергнуться (чему-л.); пережить (что-л.)

    to meet danger [misfortune] courageously - мужественно встретить опасность [несчастье]

    to meet with an accident - потерпеть аварию /крушение/, попасть в аварию /катастрофу/

    to meet with losses - понести убытки /потери/

    to meet with a squall - попасть в шквал, выдержать шквал

    his charges were met with cries of anger - его обвинения были встречены возгласами возмущения

    2) (обыкн. with) натолкнуться (на что-л.), столкнуться (с чем-л.)

    to meet with /by/ a refusal - встретить отказ

    the request was met by a sharp refusal - просьба натолкнулась на резкий отказ

    to meet with smb.'s approval - встретить чьё-л. одобрение

    7. обнаружить, увидеть (что-л. при чтении и т. п.)

    to meet a phrase [a mention of him] in a book - встретить в книге выражение /фразу/ [упоминание о нём]

    8. 1) удовлетворять, отвечать, соответствовать (желаниям, требованиям и т. п.)

    to meet a requirement - удовлетворять требованию /условию/

    it does not meet my requirements - это не удовлетворяет /не отвечает/ моим требованиям

    this book certainly meets our need - эта книга несомненно удовлетворит наши потребности

    he is unable to meet the challenge of new historiography - он не справляется с задачами современной историографии

    to meet the case - отвечать требованиям, соответствовать

    to meet the situation - действовать в соответствии с обстановкой; поступать согласно обстоятельствам /в зависимости от обстоятельств/

    to meet a threat - принимать соответствующие меры при возникновении угрозы

    2) удовлетворять, исполнять (желания, требования)

    to meet smb.'s wants - удовлетворять чьи-л. потребности

    this book meets the public demand - издание этой книги отвечает требованиям или потребностям общества

    your desires have been met - ваши желания удовлетворены /исполнены/

    9. оплачивать

    to meet a bill [expenses] - оплатить счёт [расходы]

    10. опровергать (доводы и т. п.)

    to meet objections [criticism] - опровергать возражения [критику]

    11. 1) драться ( на дуэли)

    he would not meet A. - он не хочет драться на дуэли с A.

    2) сражаться, воевать (со злом, с пороками и т. п.)
    12. мор. одерживать ( рулём; тж. to meet the helm)
    13. уст. соглашаться

    ♢ to meet the eye - привлекать взгляд /внимание/

    to meet smb.'s eye - а) попасться кому-л. на глаза; what a sight met my eyes! - какое зрелище предстало предо мною!; б) встретиться с кем-л. взглядом; прямо смотреть в глаза кому-л.; I dared not meet his eye - я боялся встретиться с ним взглядом; я боялся посмотреть ему в глаза; в) поймать чей-л. взгляд

    to meet the ear - а) быть слышным; б) привлечь внимание

    to meet smb.'s ear - дойти до чьего-л. слуха

    to meet smb. half-way - пойти навстречу кому-л.; идти на компромисс с кем-л. /на уступки кому-л./

    to meet trouble half-way - терзаться преждевременными сомнениями /опасениями/, заранее беспокоиться по поводу ожидаемых неприятностей

    to meet one's Waterloo - быть разгромленным, понести окончательное поражение

    extremes meet - посл. крайности /противоположности/ сходятся

    well met! - уст. добро пожаловать!; рад встрече!

    make (both /two/) ends meet - сводить концы с концами

    НБАРС > meet

  • 18 meet

    [mi:t] n
    1) ( sporting event) Sportveranstaltung f
    2) ( Brit) ( fox hunt) Jagdtreffen nt (zur Fuchsjagd) vt <met, met>
    1) ( by chance)
    to \meet sb jdn treffen;
    I met her in the street ich bin ihr auf der Straße begegnet;
    I happened to \meet him ich habe ihn zufällig getroffen;
    our car met another car on the narrow road auf der engen Straße kam unserem Auto ein anderes entgegen;
    to \meet sb face to face jdm persönlich begegnen
    to \meet sb sich akk mit jdm treffen;
    \meet me in front of the library at five warte um fünf vor der Bibliothek auf mich;
    I arranged to \meet her on Thursday ich verabredete mich mit ihr für Donnerstag
    3) ( collect)
    to \meet sb jdn abholen;
    I went to the airport to \meet my brother ich fuhr zum Flughafen, um meinen Bruder abzuholen;
    a bus \meets every train zu jedem Zug gibt es einen Anschlussbus
    to \meet sb jdn kennen lernen;
    I'd like you to \meet my best friend Betty ich möchte dir meine beste Freundin Betty vorstellen;
    Frank, \meet Dorothy Frank, darf ich dir Dorothy vorstellen?;
    [it's] a pleasure to \meet you sehr erfreut, Sie kennen zu lernen;
    I've never met anyone quite like her ich habe noch nie so jemanden wie sie getroffen
    to \meet sth auf etw akk treffen;
    his eyes met hers ihre Blicke trafen sich;
    I met his gaze ich hielt seinem Blick stand;
    it's where Front Street \meets Queen Street es ist da, wo die Front Street auf die Queen Street stößt;
    where the mountains \meet the sea wo das Meer an die Berge heranreicht;
    to \meet sb's glance jds Blick erwidern
    6) ( fulfil)
    to \meet sth etw erfüllen;
    to \meet the cost of sth die Kosten für etw akk übernehmen;
    to \meet a deadline einen Termin einhalten;
    to \meet [the] demand die Nachfrage befriedigen;
    to \meet an obligation einer Verpflichtung nachkommen
    7) ( deal with)
    to \meet sth etw dat entgegentreten;
    they had to \meet the threat posed by the Austrians sie mussten auf die Bedrohung durch die Österreicher reagieren;
    to \meet a challenge sich akk einer Herausforderung stellen;
    to \meet objections Einwände widerlegen
    to \meet sth mit etw dat konfrontiert sein;
    these are the kind of difficulties you \meet on the road to success dies sind die Schwierigkeiten, die dir auf dem Weg zum Erfolg begegnen;
    the troops met stiff opposition die Truppen stießen auf starke Gegenwehr
    9) ( fight)
    to \meet sb sports auf jdn treffen, gegen jdn antreten; mil gegen jdn kämpfen;
    to \meet an enemy in battle einem Feind in der Schlacht begegnen
    PHRASES:
    to \meet one's death den Tod finden;
    to make ends \meet über die Runden kommen;
    there's more to this than \meets the eye es steckt mehr dahinter, als es den Anschein hat;
    to go to \meet one's maker das Zeitliche segnen;
    to \meet one's match seinen Meister finden;
    to \meet one's Waterloo ( Brit) sein Waterloo erleben;
    to \meet sb halfway jdm auf halbem Weg entgegenkommen;
    to \meet danger head on sich dat der Gefahr stellen vi <met, met>
    1) ( by chance) sich dat begegnen;
    we met in the street wir sind uns auf der Straße begegnet
    2) ( by arrangement) sich akk treffen;
    to \meet for a drink/ for lunch sich akk auf einen Drink/zum Mittagessen treffen
    3) ( get acquainted) sich akk kennen lernen;
    no, we haven't met nein, wir kennen uns noch nicht;
    I've mistrusted him from the day we met ich habe ihm vom ersten Tag [unserer Bekanntschaft] an misstraut
    4) ( congregate) zusammenkommen;
    Congress will \meet next week der Kongress wird nächsten Monat tagen;
    the children's club \meets every Thursday afternoon der Kinderclub trifft sich jeden Donnerstagnachmittag;
    the committee is \meeting to discuss the issue tomorrow der Ausschuss tritt morgen zusammen, um über die Frage zu beraten
    5) sports aufeinandertreffen, gegeneinander antreten
    6) ( join) zusammentreffen; roads, lines zusammenlaufen; counties, states aneinandergrenzen;
    the curtains don't \meet die Vorhänge gehen nicht zusammen;
    their hands met under the table ihre Hände begegneten sich unter dem Tisch;
    our eyes met unsere Blicke trafen sich;
    their lips met in a passionate kiss ihre Lippen trafen sich zu einem leidenschaftlichen Kiss

    English-German students dictionary > meet

  • 19 tell

    tell [tel]
    dire à ⇒ 1 (a)-(g), 2 (a) expliquer à ⇒ 1 (b) raconter ⇒ 1 (d) annoncer ⇒ 1 (d) distinguer ⇒ 1 (h) voir ⇒ 1 (i) savoir ⇒ 1 (i), 2 (b) comprendre ⇒ 1 (i) se faire sentir ⇒ 2 (c)
    (pt & pp told [təʊld])
    (a) (inform) dire à;
    ∎ to tell sb sth dire qch à qn;
    ∎ familiar to tell teacher rapporter□, cafarder;
    ∎ I told him the answer/what I thought je lui ai dit la réponse/ce que je pensais;
    ∎ to tell sb about or literary of sth dire qch à qn, parler à qn de qch;
    ∎ I told her about the new restaurant je lui ai parlé du nouveau restaurant;
    ∎ have you told them about the fire? leur avez-vous parlé de l'incendie?;
    ∎ she wrote to tell me of her father's death elle m'a écrit pour m'annoncer la mort de son père;
    ∎ literary she told me of her woes elle m'a parlé de ses malheurs;
    ∎ they told me (that) they would be late ils m'ont dit qu'ils seraient en retard;
    ∎ I'm pleased to tell you you've won j'ai le plaisir de vous informer ou annoncer que vous avez gagné;
    ∎ are you telling me (that) you spent £50 on THAT? tu ne vas pas me dire que tu as payé 50 livres pour ça?;
    ∎ let me tell you how pleased I am laissez-moi vous dire ou permettez-moi de vous dire à quel point je suis heureux;
    ∎ it's not so easy, let me tell you! ce n'est pas si facile, je t'assure ou je te le dis!;
    ∎ we are told that there is little hope on nous dit qu'il y a peu d'espoir;
    ∎ it's just as I told you c'est exactement ce que je t'avais dit;
    ∎ I'm told he's coming tomorrow j'ai entendu dire ou on m'a dit qu'il venait demain;
    ∎ so I've been told c'est ce qu'on m'a dit;
    ∎ it doesn't tell us much cela ne nous en dit pas très long, cela ne nous apprend pas grand-chose;
    ∎ can you tell me the time? pouvez-vous me dire l'heure (qu'il est)?;
    ∎ can you tell me your name/age? pouvez-vous me dire votre nom/âge?;
    ∎ I know, Dennis told me je sais, Dennis me l'a dit;
    ∎ a little bird told me! c'est mon petit doigt qui me l'a dit!
    (b) (explain to) expliquer à, dire à;
    ∎ this brochure tells me all I need to know cette brochure m'explique tout ce que j'ai besoin de savoir;
    ∎ I told him what to do in case of an emergency je lui ai dit ou expliqué ce qu'il fallait faire en cas d'urgence;
    ∎ did you tell them how to get here? leur as-tu expliqué comment se rendre ici?;
    ∎ can you tell me the way to the station/to Oxford? pouvez-vous m'indiquer le chemin de la gare/la route d'Oxford?;
    ∎ do you want me to tell you again? voulez-vous que je vous le redise ou répète?;
    ∎ who can tell me the best way to make omelettes? qui peut me dire ou m'expliquer la meilleure façon de faire des omelettes?;
    ∎ I can't tell you how pleased I am je ne saurais vous dire combien je suis content;
    ∎ if I've told you once, I've told you a thousand times! je te l'ai dit cent fois!;
    ∎ (I'll) tell you what, let's play cards j'ai une idée, on n'a qu'à jouer aux cartes
    (c) (instruct, order)
    ∎ to tell sb to do sth dire à qn de faire qch;
    ∎ you can't tell me what to do! tu n'as pas à me dire ce que je dois faire!;
    ∎ do as you are told! fais ce qu'on te dit;
    ∎ tell her to wait outside dites-lui d'attendre dehors;
    ∎ I told them not to interrupt je leur ai dit de ne pas interrompre;
    ∎ I thought I told you not to run? je croyais t'avoir interdit ou défendu de courir?;
    ∎ I told you no! je t'ai dit non!;
    ∎ don't make me tell you twice ne m'oblige pas à te le dire deux fois;
    ∎ he didn't need to be told twice! il ne s'est pas fait prier!, je n'ai pas eu besoin de lui dire deux fois!
    (d) (recount → story, joke) raconter; (→ news) annoncer; (→ secret) dire, raconter;
    ∎ to tell sb about sth parler à qn de qch, parler de qch à qn, raconter qch à qn;
    ∎ to tell sb about sb parler à qn de qn, parler de qn à qn;
    ∎ tell them about or of your life as an explorer racontez-leur votre vie d'explorateur;
    ∎ tell me what you know about it dites-moi ce que vous en savez;
    ∎ I'll tell you what happened je vais vous raconter ce qui est arrivé;
    ∎ could you tell me a little about yourself? pourriez-vous me parler un peu de vous-même?;
    ∎ what does this tell us about his character? qu'est-ce que cela nous apprend sur son caractère?;
    ∎ I told myself it didn't matter je me suis dit que cela n'avait pas d'importance;
    ∎ I could tell you a thing or two about his role in it je pourrais vous en dire long sur son rôle dans tout cela;
    ∎ don't tell me you got lost! ne me dites pas que vous vous êtes perdu!;
    ∎ don't tell me, let me guess! ne me dites rien, laissez-moi deviner!;
    ∎ familiar tell it like it is! n'ayez pas peur de dire la vérité!□ ;
    ∎ familiar tell that to the marines!, tell me another! à d'autres!, mon œil!;
    ∎ to hear tell that… entendre dire que… + indicative
    ∎ to tell one's beads dire ou égrener son chapelet
    (f) (utter → truth, lie) dire, raconter;
    ∎ to tell sb the truth dire la vérité à qn;
    ∎ to tell lies mentir, dire des mensonges;
    ∎ figurative I tell a lie! je me trompe!
    (g) (assure) dire à, assurer;
    ∎ didn't I tell you?, I told you so!, what did I tell you! je vous l'avais bien dit!;
    ∎ let me tell you! (believe me) je vous assure!, croyez-moi!; (as threat) tenez-vous-le pour dit!;
    ∎ I can tell you! c'est moi qui vous le dis!;
    ∎ familiar you're telling me!, tell me about it! à qui le dis-tu!
    (h) (distinguish) distinguer;
    ∎ to tell right from wrong distinguer le bien du mal;
    ∎ you can hardly tell the difference between them on voit ou distingue à peine la différence entre eux;
    ∎ how can you tell one from another? comment les distinguez-vous l'un de l'autre?;
    ∎ you can tell him by his voice on le reconnaît à sa voix;
    ∎ she can't tell the time elle ne sait pas lire l'heure
    (i) (see) voir; (know) savoir; (understand) comprendre;
    ∎ you could tell he was disappointed on voyait bien qu'il était déçu;
    ∎ how can you tell when it's ready? à quoi voit-on ou comment peut-on savoir que c'est prêt?;
    ∎ no one could tell whether the good weather would last personne ne pouvait dire si le beau temps allait durer;
    ∎ I can tell it from the look in your eyes ça se lit dans tes yeux;
    ∎ there's no telling what he might do next/how he'll react (il est) impossible de dire ce qu'il est susceptible de faire ensuite/comment il réagira
    ∎ that would be telling! ce serait trahir un secret!;
    ∎ I won't tell je ne dirai rien à personne;
    ∎ time will tell qui vivra verra, le temps nous le dira;
    ∎ more than words can tell plus que les mots ne peuvent dire
    (b) (know) savoir;
    ∎ how can I tell? comment le saurais-je?;
    ∎ who can tell? qui peut savoir?, qui sait?;
    ∎ you never can tell on ne sait jamais;
    ∎ it's difficult or hard to tell c'est difficile à dire;
    ∎ it's too early to tell il est trop tôt pour se prononcer
    (c) (have effect) se faire sentir, avoir de l'influence;
    ∎ British proverb breeding tells bon sang ne saurait mentir;
    ∎ her age is beginning to tell elle commence à accuser son âge;
    ∎ the strain is beginning to tell la tension commence à se faire sentir;
    ∎ her aristocratic roots told against her ses origines aristocratiques lui nuisaient
    (d) literary (story, book)
    ∎ to tell of sth raconter qch;
    ∎ the first volume tells of the postwar period le premier volume raconte la période d'après-guerre;
    ∎ I've heard tell of phantom ships j'ai entendu parler de navires fantômes
    ∎ to tell of témoigner de;
    ∎ the scars told of his reckless life ses cicatrices témoignaient de sa vie mouvementée;
    ∎ the stones told of battles of times past les pierres portaient les traces de batailles des temps passés
    distinguer (entre);
    ∎ I couldn't tell the twins apart je ne pouvais pas distinguer les jumeaux l'un de l'autre
    (a) (scold) réprimander, gronder;
    ∎ to tell sb off for doing sth gronder ou réprimander qn pour avoir fait qch
    (b) (select) affecter, désigner
    (a) (denounce) dénoncer;
    ∎ don't tell on me ne me dénonce pas
    (b) (have effect on) se faire sentir sur, produire un effet sur;
    ∎ her age is telling on her elle accuse son âge;
    ∎ the strain soon began to tell on her health la tension ne tarda pas à avoir un effet néfaste sur sa santé
    ✾ Poem 'Tell me the Truth about Love' Auden 'Dis-moi la vérité sur l'amour'
    ✾ Book 'Go tell it on the Mountain' Baldwin 'Va le clamer sur la montagne'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > tell

  • 20 face

    § სახე, გამომეტყველება; პირისპირ შეხვედრა, დგომა
    §
    1 სახე
    he got red in the face წამოჭარხლდა / სახე აელეწა
    to make faces / a face სახის მანჭვა // გრიმასების გაკეთება
    he lost face ავტორიტეტი შეელახა // სახელი გაუტყდა
    to save face თავისი რენომეს / სახელის / რეპუტაციის გადარჩენა
    2 პირი
    I’ll say it to his face პირში ვეტყვი
    3 პირი (ქსოვილისა), ფასადი (შენობისა), ციფერბლატი
    on the face of it ერთი შეხედვით // პირველი შთაბეჭდილებით // გარეგნულად
    4 პასუხისგება (პასუხს აგებს)
    you’ll have to face the consequences შედეგზე პასუხს აგებ!
    5 გაბედულად შეხვედრა
    he faced the situation bravely ამ სიტუაციაში უკან არ დაიხია // ამ სიტუაციას გაბედულად დაუხვდა
    6 პირისპირ ყოფნა
    he was faced with the threat of dismissal მას დათხოვნა / სამსახურიდან მოხსნა ემუქრებოდა
    7 ყურება (უყურებს)
    8 ატანა, შეგუება
    he couldn’t face the disgrace / the thought of parting სირცხვილი ვეღარ გადაიტანა // განშორების აზრს ვერ შეეგუა
    -------
    she had a sad look on her face სახის ნაღვლიანი გამომეტყველება ჰქონდა // ნაღვლიანი სახე ჰქონდა // ნაღვლიანად გამოიყურებოდა
    the blood rushed to her face სისხლი თავში აუვარდა // გაწითლდა
    ●●I could hardly keep a straight face სიცილისაგან თავს ძლივს ვიკავებდი
    to set one’s face against sth წინააღმდეგ ყოფნა
    a saintly expression on one’s face სახის ანგელოზური გამომეტყველება
    there was not the slightest trace of fear in her face სახეზე შიშის ნასახი არ ეტყობოდა
    ●●she took the compliment at face value ქათინაური რეალობად მიიჩნია
    he dashed water into her face სახეში წყალი შეასხა / შეასხურა
    his face darkened სახე მოეღუშა / მოეღრუბლა
    I took his story at its face value მისი მონაყოლი დავიჯერე / სიმართლე მეგონა
    I can’t face satsivi any more საცივი ისე მომყირჭდა, ვეღარ ვუყურებ
    my window faces North / the garden ჩემი ფანჯარა ჩრდილოეთს უყურებს / ბაღში გადაჰყურებს
    she had a faintly familiar face ვიღაცას ოდნავ მაგონებდა // ოდნავ ნაცნობი სახე ჰქონდა
    his face turned ashen გაფითრდა / ფერი წაუვიდა / ნაცრისფერი დაედო

    English-Georgian dictionary > face

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